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The Eushta Tatars (Siberian Tatar: яушталар, Russian: Эуштинцы) are one of the three subgroups of Tom Tatar group of Siberian Tatars. Eushta mainly inhabit the lower reaches of the Tom river in Tomsk Oblast. Their historical and cultural centre is the Eushta village. Eushta are especially closely related to Chat Tatars.
Yaushtalar, яушталар | |
|---|---|
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Russia | 300-400 |
| Languages | |
| Tom dialect of Siberian Tatar, Russian | |
| Religion | |
| Sunni Islam, Shamanism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| other Siberian Tatars | |
History
editEushta are considered to be originally Samoyedic Selkup inhabitants of western Siberia, who were greatly influenced by Turkic peoples and lately Turkicised.[1] In the beginning there were migrations from Altai. Yenisei Kyrgyz and Tyolyos tribes formed a role in their ethnogenesis. In 9th and 10th centuries Kimeks arrived in the region, from which the Kipchaks derived, who also had impact on Eushta Tatars.
During the 15th and 16th centuries, the Eushta were under the rule of the Sibir Khanate.[2] When Russians first came into contact with the Eushta, they numbered around 800 people.
Eushta Tatars adopted Islam at the middle of 19th century.
Genetics
editAccording to Valikhova L.V. et al. (2022), the three main Y-DNA haplogroups that have been observed among a sample of Tatars from the village of Eushta are R1b1a1a1b-Y20768(xY20784) (35.3%), Q1b1b-YP4004 (17.6%), and R1a1a1b2-CTS9754 (14.7%). The authors have reported that these lineages among the Tatars of Eushta village are closely related to lineages observed among Teleut, Khakas, Shor, Chelkan, Tubalar, and Tuvan populations, all of which are Turkic-speaking populations of South Central Siberia.[3]
References
edit- ^ Eushta Tatars
- ^ Forsyth, James (1994). A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony 1581-1990. Cambridge University Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-521-47771-0.
- ^ Valikhova L.V., Kharkov V.N., Volkov V.G., Khitrinskaya I.Yu., Stepanov V.A., "The structure of the gene pool of Tomsk Tatars according to Y-chromosome markers." Medical genetics [Medicinskaya genetika] 2022; 21(12): 33-35. (In Russ.)
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