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Newfoundland and Labrador is a province of Canada on the country's Atlantic coast in northeastern North America. The province has an area of 405,212 square kilometres (100,130,000 acres) and a population in 2024 of 545,247, with approximately 95% of the provincial population residing on the Island of Newfoundland (including its associated smaller islands), with more than half of the population residing on the Avalon Peninsula. People from Newfoundland and Labrador are called "Newfoundlanders," "Labradorians" (as appropriate), or "Newfoundlanders and Labradorians".
Population history
editSince entering confederation, Newfoundland and Labrador has always been ranked 9th among provinces in population.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1825 | 55,719 | — |
| 1836 | 73,705 | +32.3% |
| 1845 | 96,295 | +30.6% |
| 1851 | 101,600 | +5.5% |
| 1857 | 124,288 | +22.3% |
| 1869 | 146,536 | +17.9% |
| 1874 | 161,374 | +10.1% |
| 1884 | 197,335 | +22.3% |
| 1891 | 202,040 | +2.4% |
| 1901 | 220,984 | +9.4% |
| 1911 | 242,619 | +9.8% |
| 1921 | 263,033 | +8.4% |
| 1935 | 289,588 | +10.1% |
| 1951 | 361,416 | +24.8% |
| 1956 | 415,074 | +14.8% |
| 1961 | 457,853 | +10.3% |
| 1966 | 493,396 | +7.8% |
| 1971 | 522,100 | +5.8% |
| 1976 | 557,720 | +6.8% |
| 1981 | 567,681 | +1.8% |
| 1986 | 568,350 | +0.1% |
| 1991 | 568,475 | +0.0% |
| 1996 | 551,790 | −2.9% |
| 2001 | 512,930 | −7.0% |
| 2006 | 505,469 | −1.5% |
| 2011 | 514,536 | +1.8% |
| 2016 | 519,716 | +1.0% |
| 2021 | 510,550 | −1.8% |
| Source:[1][2] and Statistics Canada | ||
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Source: Statistics Canada[3][4]
Population geography
editCities and towns
editCensus Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations in the province by population[5]
| Urban Area | 2016 |
|---|---|
| St. John's (CMA) | 205,955 |
| Corner Brook (CA) | 31,917 |
| Grand Falls-Windsor (CA) | 14,171 |
| Gander (CA) | 13,234 |
| Bay Roberts (CA) | 11,083 |
Municipalities by population
editEthnicity
editMore than half the population identified their ethnocultural ancestry as Canadian, while two-fifths identified English ancestry, and one-fifth identified Irish ancestry. However Canadian is written on the census first, and many people write in other ethnic groups after it which are listed in another section, so numbers do not represent accurate responses to ethnicity. Canadian is a citizenship almost no one identifies with culturally outside of forced census questions.
More than 100,000 Newfoundlanders have applied for membership in the Qalipu Mi'kmaq First Nation Band, equivalent to one-fifth of the total population.[6]
| Ethnicity | 2001 | % |
|---|---|---|
| Canadian | 271,345 | 43.41% |
| English | 200,120 | 39.39% |
| Irish | 100,260 | 19.73% |
| Scottish | 30,295 | 5.96% |
| French | 27,785 | 5.47% |
| Indigenous | 16,030 | 3.16% |
| Inuit | 7,445 | 1.47% |
| German | 6,275 | 1.24% |
| Métis | 6,120 | 1.20% |
| Newfoundlander | 3,585 | 0.71% |
| Welsh | 2,790 | 0.55% |
| Dutch (Netherlands) | 1,385 | 0.27% |
| Italian | 1,180 | 0.23% |
| Norwegian | 1,180 | 0.23% |
| Chinese | 1,110 | 0.22% |
| American (USA) | 1,065 | 0.21% |
| East Indian | 940 | 0.19% |
| British | 925 | 0.18% |
| Spanish | 765 | 0.15% |
| Portuguese | 735 | 0.14% |
| Polish | 665 | 0.13% |
| Swedish | 655 | 0.13% |
| Ukrainian | 580 | 0.11% |
| Lebanese | 515 | 0.10% |
| Danish | 455 | 0.09% |
| Jewish | 370 | 0.07% |
| Filipino | 340 | 0.07% |
| Russian | 285 | 0.06% |
| Greek | 245 | 0.05% |
| Hungarian (Magyar) | 245 | 0.05% |
| Austrian | 225 | 0.04% |
| African (Black), n.i.e. | 180 | 0.04% |
| Egyptian | 165 | 0.03% |
| Finnish | 145 | 0.03% |
| Black | 120 | 0.02% |
| Jamaican | 120 | 0.02% |
| Acadian | 115 | 0.02% |
| Arab, n.i.e. | 115 | 0.02% |
| Belgian | 115 | 0.02% |
| Czech | 115 | 0.02% |
| Romanian | 115 | 0.02% |
| South African | 105 | 0.02% |
The same data on ethnocultural ancestry, grouped more geographically by Statistics Canada, are shown below:
| Origins | 2001 | % |
|---|---|---|
| North American | 274,755 | 54.08% |
| British Isles | 266,010 | 52.36% |
| Aboriginal | 28,065 | 5.52% |
| French | 27,835 | 5.48% |
| Western European | 7,705 | 1.52% |
| Southern European | 3,285 | 0.65% |
| Northern European | 2,510 | 0.49% |
| Eastern European | 2,050 | 0.40% |
| East and Southeast Asian | 1,685 | 0.33% |
| Origins | 2001 | % |
|---|---|---|
| South Asian | 1,110 | 0.22% |
| Arab | 915 | 0.18% |
| Other European | 520 | 0.10% |
| African | 465 | 0.09% |
| Caribbean | 270 | 0.05% |
| West Asian | 130 | 0.03% |
| Latin, Central and South American |
75 | 0.01% |
| Oceania | 45 | 0.01% |
Percentages are calculated as a proportion of the total number of respondents (508,075) and may total more than 100% due to dual responses.
Only groups of more than 0.02% are shown[7]
Visible minorities and Indigenous peoples
editIndigenous and visible minority identity (2021):[8]
| Visible minority and Indigenous population (Canada 2021 Census)[9] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Population group | Population | % | |
| European[a] | 438,700 | 87.4% | |
| Visible minority group |
South Asian | 4,545 | 0.9% |
| Chinese | 2,005 | 0.4% | |
| Black | 3,590 | 0.7% | |
| Filipino | 2,270 | 0.5% | |
| Arab | 1,740 | 0.3% | |
| Latin American | 755 | 0.2% | |
| Southeast Asian | 505 | 0.1% | |
| West Asian | 550 | 0.1% | |
| Korean | 220 | 0.0% | |
| Japanese | 85 | 0.0% | |
| Visible minority, n.i.e. | 205 | 0.0% | |
| Multiple visible minorities | 395 | 0.1% | |
| Total visible minority population | 16,855 | 3.4% | |
| Indigenous group |
First Nations (North American Indian) | 28,435 | 5.7% |
| Métis | 7,335 | 1.5% | |
| Inuk (Inuit) | 7,330 | 1.5% | |
| Multiple Indigenous responses | 685 | 0.1% | |
| Indigenous responses n.i.e. | 2,765 | 0.6% | |
| Total Indigenous population | 46,545 | 9.3% | |
| Total population | 502,100 | 100.0% | |
Languages
editKnowledge of languages
editThe question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses. The following figures are from the 2021 Canadian Census, and lists languages that were selected by at least 0.2 per cent of respondents.
| Language | 2021[10] | |
|---|---|---|
| Pop. | % | |
| English | 501,135 | 99.81% |
| French | 26,130 | 5.2% |
| Arabic | 2,195 | 0.44% |
| Spanish | 2,085 | 0.42% |
| Innu (Montagnais) | 1,925 | 0.38% |
| Tagalog | 1,810 | 0.36% |
| Hindi | 1,565 | 0.31% |
| Mandarin | 1,170 | 0.23% |
| German | 1,075 | 0.21% |
| Punjabi | 1,040 | 0.21% |
| Bengali | 875 | 0.17% |
| American Sign Language | 875 | 0.17% |
Mother tongue
editLanguages of Newfoundland and Labrador (2016):[11]
The 2006 Canadian census showed a population of 505,469.
Of the 499,830 singular responses to the census question concerning mother tongue the most commonly reported languages were:
| 2006 | % | 2001 | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | English | 488,405 | 97.71% | 499,750 | 98.49% |
| 2. | French | 1,885 | 0.38% | 2,180 | 0.43% |
| 3. | Algonquian languages | 1,625 | 0.33% | 1,510 | 0.30% |
| Montagnais–Naskapi | 1,585 | 0.32% | 1,495 | 0.29% | |
| 4. | Chinese | 1,080 | 0.22% | 525 | 0.10% |
| Cantonese | 185 | 0.04% | 55 | 0.01% | |
| Mandarin | 120 | 0.02% | 25 | ~ | |
| 5. | Spanish | 670 | 0.13% | 50 | 0.01% |
| 6. | German | 655 | 0.13% | 340 | 0.07% |
| 7. | Inuktitut | 595 | 0.12% | 550 | 0.11% |
| 8. | Urdu | 550 | 0.11% | 90 | 0.02% |
| 9. | Arabic | 540 | 0.11% | 210 | 0.04% |
| 10. | Dutch | 300 | 0.06% | 95 | 0.02% |
| 11. | Russian | 225 | 0.05% | 75 | 0.01% |
| 12. | Scandinavian languages | 220 | 0.04% | 125 | 0.02% |
| Norwegian | 85 | 0.02% | 40 | 0.01% | |
| Danish | 65 | 0.01% | 55 | 0.01% | |
| Swedish | 65 | 0.01% | 25 | ~ | |
| 13. | Italian | 195 | 0.04% | 115 | 0.02% |
| 14. | Germanic languages n.i.e. | 180 | 0.04% | 75 | 0.01% |
| 15. | Tagalog (Filipino) | 180 | 0.04% | 130 | 0.03% |
| 16. | Serbo-Croatian (all) | 170 | 0.03% | 130 | 0.03% |
| Serbian | 135 | 0.03% | 15 | ~ | |
| Croatian | 35 | 0.01% | 40 | 0.01% | |
| Serbo-Croatian | 0 | ~ | 75 | 0.01% |
| 2006 | % | 2001 | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17. | Bengali | 165 | 0.03% | 55 | 0.01% |
| 18. | Portuguese | 150 | 0.03% | 105 | 0.02% |
| 19. | Hungarian | 140 | 0.03% | 45 | 0.01% |
| 20. | Panjabi (Punjabi) | 120 | 0.02% | 95 | 0.02% |
| 21. | African languages n.i.e. | 100 | 0.02% | 10 | ~ |
| 21. | Non-verbal languages | 100 | 0.02% | N | N |
| 23. | Bantu languages | 95 | 0.02% | 0 | ~ |
| 23. | Bulgarian | 95 | 0.02% | 75 | 0.01% |
| 25. | Niger–Congo languages n.i.e. | 85 | 0.13% | 40 | 0.1% |
| 26. | Romanian | 75 | 0.02% | 15 | ~ |
| 27. | Greek | 70 | 0.01% | 40 | 0.01% |
| 27. | Japanese | 70 | 0.01% | 45 | 0.01% |
| 29. | Telugu | 65 | 0.01% | 45 | 0.01% |
| 30. | Persian | 60 | 0.01% | 70 | 0.01% |
| 30. | Ukrainian | 60 | 0.01% | 20 | ~ |
| 32. | Czech | 50 | 0.01% | 15 | ~ |
| 32. | Gujarati | 50 | 0.01% | 50 | 0.01% |
| 32. | Hindi | 50 | 0.01% | 55 | 0.01% |
| 32. | Korean | 50 | 0.01% | 50 | 0.01% |
| 36. | Malayalam | 40 | 0.01% | 10 | ~ |
| 37. | Turkish | 40 | 0.01% | 25 | ~ |
| 38. | Welsh | 35 | 0.01% | 20 | ~ |
| 39. | Gaelic languages | 30 | 0.01% | 10 | ~ |
| 40. |
Note: "n.i.e.": not included elsewhere
There were also about 25 single-language responses for Amharic, 25 for Bisayan languages, 20 for Sinhala and 20 for Slovak. In addition, there were also 435 responses of English and a non-official language; 30 of French and a non-official language; 295 of English and French; and 10 of English, French, and a non-official language. (Figures shown are for the number of single language responses and the percentage of total single-language responses.)[12]
Religion
edit
A 93.2% majority of Newfoundlanders identify as Christian. Among this group, Roman Catholics form a plurality of 38.4%. As Newfoundland and Labrador has received less recent immigration than the rest of Canada, a relatively small number of Christian denominations are represented in the province.
One well-established feature of Newfoundland's religious landscape is the Salvation Army, whose members are more widespread in Newfoundland and Labrador than any other province. Also notable are missionaries of the Moravian Church, who have a long history with the Labrador Inuit of Nunatsiavut, although they were not active in other regions of the province.
| Religious group | 2021[13] | 2011[14] | 2001[15] | 1991[16] | 1981[17] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
| Christianity | 413,915 | 82.44% | 472,720 | 93.19% | 493,485 | 97.13% | 553,230 | 98.1% | 557,225 | 98.84% |
| Irreligion | 80,330 | 16% | 31,330 | 6.18% | 12,865 | 2.53% | 9,270 | 1.64% | 5,605 | 0.99% |
| Islam | 3,995 | 0.8% | 1,200 | 0.24% | 625 | 0.12% | 300 | 0.05% | 100 | 0.02% |
| Hinduism | 1,200 | 0.24% | 635 | 0.13% | 400 | 0.08% | 445 | 0.08% | 315 | 0.06% |
| Sikhism | 855 | 0.17% | 100 | 0.02% | 130 | 0.03% | 130 | 0.02% | 65 | 0.01% |
| Buddhism | 490 | 0.1% | 400 | 0.08% | 180 | 0.04% | 105 | 0.02% | 135 | 0.02% |
| Judaism | 240 | 0.05% | 175 | 0.03% | 140 | 0.03% | 125 | 0.02% | 220 | 0.04% |
| Indigenous spirituality | 105 | 0.02% | 30 | 0.01% | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Other | 965 | 0.19% | 685 | 0.14% | 250 | 0.05% | 335 | 0.06% | 65 | 0.01% |
| Total responses | 502,100 | 98.34% | 507,270 | 98.59% | 508,075 | 99.05% | 563,940 | 99.2% | 563,750 | 99.31% |
| Total population | 510,550 | 100% | 514,536 | 100% | 512,930 | 100% | 568,475 | 100% | 567,681 | 100% |
Migration
editImmigration
edit| Year | Immigrant percentage | Immigrant population | Total population |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1857 | 12.4% | 15,239 | 122,638 |
| 1869 | 6.9% | 10,158 | 146,536 |
| 1951 | 1.1% | 3,829 | 361,416 |
| 1961 | 1.4% | 6,269 | 457,853 |
| 1971 | 1.7% | 8,945 | 522,105 |
The 2021 census reported that immigrants (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 14,250 persons or 2.8 percent of the total population of Newfoundland and Labrador.[21]
| Country of Birth | 2021[22][21] | 2016[23] | 2011[24][25] | 2006[26][27] | 2001[28][29] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
| United Kingdom | 2,300 | 16.1% | 2,215 | 18.3% | 2,490 | 27.2% | 2,335 | 27.9% | 2,595 | 32.3% |
| Philippines | 1,650 | 11.6% | 855 | 7.1% | 155 | 1.7% | 165 | 2% | 175 | 2.2% |
| United States of America | 1,390 | 9.8% | 1,540 | 12.8% | 1,575 | 17.2% | 1,400 | 16.7% | 1,600 | 19.9% |
| India | 835 | 5.9% | 635 | 5.3% | 375 | 4.1% | 435 | 5.2% | 465 | 5.8% |
| China | 630 | 4.4% | 835 | 6.9% | 515 | 5.6% | 340 | 4.1% | 240 | 3% |
| Syria | 485 | 3.4% | 315 | 2.6% | 10 | 0.1% | 10 | 0.1% | 15 | 0.2% |
| Nigeria | 455 | 3.2% | 190 | 1.6% | 105 | 1.1% | 10 | 0.1% | 20 | 0.2% |
| Ireland | 290 | 2% | 180 | 1.5% | 180 | 2% | 150 | 1.8% | 135 | 1.7% |
| Germany | 245 | 1.7% | 365 | 3% | 320 | 3.5% | 385 | 4.6% | 400 | 5% |
| Bangladesh | 230 | 1.6% | 160 | 1.3% | 120 | 1.3% | 45 | 0.5% | 35 | 0.4% |
| Total immigrants | 14,250 | 2.8% | 12,075 | 2.4% | 9,160 | 1.8% | 8,380 | 1.7% | 8,030 | 1.6% |
| Total responses | 502,100 | 98.3% | 512,255 | 98.6% | 507,270 | 98.6% | 500,605 | 99% | 508,075 | 99.1% |
| Total population | 510,550 | 100% | 519,716 | 100% | 514,536 | 100% | 505,469 | 100% | 512,930 | 100% |
Recent immigration
editThe 2021 Canadian census counted a total of 4,270 people who immigrated to Newfoundland and Labrador between 2016 and 2021.[21]
| Recent immigrants to Newfoundland and Labrador by Country of birth (2016 to 2021)[21] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Country of Birth | Population | % recent immigrants | |
| Philippines | 940 | 22% | |
| Syria | 400 | 9.4% | |
| India | 325 | 7.6% | |
| Nigeria | 300 | 7% | |
| China | 195 | 4.6% | |
| United States of America | 145 | 3.4% | |
| Jamaica | 140 | 3.3% | |
| United Kingdom | 125 | 2.9% | |
| Pakistan | 105 | 2.5% | |
| Eritrea | 100 | 2.3% | |
| Total | 4,270 | 100% | |
Interprovincial migration
edit
Since it started being recorded in 1971, Newfoundland and Labrador is the province that has lost the biggest share of its population to interprovincial migration, which was especially high in the 1990s. Out-migration from the province was curtailed in 2008 and net migration stayed positive through 2014, when it again dropped due to bleak finances and rising unemployment (caused by falling oil prices).[citation needed] With the announcement of the 2016 provincial budget, St. John's Telegram American-born columnist Russell Wangersky published the column "Get out if you can", which urged young Newfoundlanders to leave the province to avoid future hardships which never occurred.[30]
| In-migrants | Out-migrants | Net migration | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008–09 | 10,262 | 8,385 | 1,877 |
| 2009–10 | 8,998 | 7,440 | 1,558 |
| 2010–11 | 7,785 | 7,755 | 30 |
| 2011–12 | 8,173 | 7,628 | 545 |
| 2012–13 | 7,283 | 6,788 | 495 |
| 2013–14 | 6,994 | 6,760 | 234 |
| 2014–15 | 7,012 | 6,851 | 161 |
| 2015–16 | 6,600 | 6,368 | 232 |
| 2016–17 | 5,400 | 6,830 | −1,430 |
| 2017–18 | 5,187 | 7,920 | −2,733 |
| 2018–19 | 5,207 | 9,706 | −4,501 |
Source: Statistics Canada
See also
edit
Notes
edit- ^ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
References
edit- ^ "Census of Newfoundland and Labrador, 1935, vol. 1 : population by districts and settlements :: NL Books - Reference Sources, Directories, Etc". collections.mun.ca. Retrieved 2020-04-01.
- ^ "Population urban and rural, by province and territory - Newfoundland and Labrador". 2008-05-01. Archived from the original on 2008-03-21. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
- ^ StatCan 2001 Census Archived 2006-12-31 at the Wayback Machine - population
- ^ "Population and dwelling counts (2006 Census)". Statistics Canada. Archived from the original on 2008-02-13. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ^ "Population and dwelling counts, for urban areas, 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data". Archived from the original on 2007-04-01. Retrieved 2007-10-09.
- ^ Friesen, Joe (14 April 2014). "Surge in Newfoundland native band has Ottawa stunned, skeptical". The Globe and Mail.
- ^ Ethnic Origin (232), Sex (3) and Single and Multiple Responses (3) (2001 Census)[permanent dead link]
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-08-17). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Newfoundland and Labrador [Province]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-08-17.
- ^ "Language Highlight Tables". 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2019.
- ^ "Detailed Mother Tongue (186), Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) (2006 Census)". Archived from the original on 2009-03-26. Retrieved 2007-12-30.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2015-11-27). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-07-02). "2001 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-03-29). "Data tables, 1991 Census R9101 - Population by Religion (29), Showing Age Groups (13) Education (20% Data) - Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "1981 Census of Canada 20 per cent data base : highlight information on ethnicity, place of birth, citizenship, income, language, immigration, religion, shelter costs". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (23 July 2012). "Censuses of Canada, 1665 to 1871 = Recensements du Canada, 1665 to 1871". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "Abstract census and return of the population, &c. of Newfoundland, 1869 ". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2024-09-30.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (4 September 2022). "1971 Census of Canada : population : vol. I – part 3 = Recensement du Canada 1971 : population : vol. I – partie 3. Birthplace. TABLE 42. Population Bom Outside Canada, Showing Numerical and Percentage Distribution, for Canada and Provinces, 1921-1971". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-01-10.
- ^ a b c d Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2023-06-21). "Place of birth and period of immigration by gender and age: Province or territory". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-06-17). "Data tables, 2016 Census Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (11), Place of Birth (272), Age (7A) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-01-23). "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables Profile - Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, and Aboriginal Peoples for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, National Household Survey, 2011". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-01-23). "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables Citizenship (5), Place of Birth (236), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (11), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-11-11.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2009-03-23). "Place of birth for the immigrant population by period of immigration, 2006 counts and percentage distribution, for Canada, provinces and territories - 20% sample data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2020-05-01). "2006 Census Topic-based tabulations Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (8) and Place of Birth (261) for the Immigrants and Non-permanent Residents of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-12-23). "2001 Census Topic-based tabulations Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (10A) and Place of Birth of Respondent (260) for Immigrants and Non-permanent Residents, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-12-23). "2001 Census Topic-based tabulations Selected Places of Birth (85) for the Immigrant Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 1996 and 2001 Censuses - 20% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
- ^ Bailey, Sue (19 April 2016). "Exodus? Newfoundland and Labrador's bleak finances fuel angst for the future". CBC News. The Canadian Press. Retrieved 2018-12-28.
