Events from the year 1919 in Czechoslovakia. The year saw the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye define the borders of the state and the Treaty of Versailles recognise its independence.
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Incumbents
edit- President: Tomáš Masaryk.[1]
- Prime Minister:[2]
- Karel Kramář (until 8 July).
- Vlastimil Tusar (from 8 July).
Events
edit- 28 January – Masaryk University is founded in Brno.[3]
- 12 March – The Commission on Czecho-Slovak Affairs report reports the border of the new state of Czechoslovakia.[4]
- 21 March – Conflict breaks out between the Hungarian Soviet Republic and Czechoslovakia.[5]
- 4 May - Many ethnic Germans in the Province of German Bohemia demonstrated peacefully demonstrated its right for self determination. The mass demonstrations were put down by the Czech military, involving 54 deaths and 84 wounded.[6]
- 8 May – The leaders of Carpathian Ruthenia join their country to Czechoslovakia.[7]
- 16 June – The Slovak Soviet Republic is declared in Prešov. The state had collapsed by August.[5]
- 27 June – Comenius University is founded in Bratislava.[8]
- 28 June – The signing of the Treaty of Versailles recognises the independence of the Czechoslovakia.[7]
- 10 September – The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye is signed, which defines the borders of Czechoslovakia.[9]
- 25 September – The Brno Conservatory is founded with composer Leoš Janáček as the first professor.[10]
- 25 November – The Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren is recognised by the state and attracts one-sixth of the members of the Catholic Church.[11]
Popular culture
editArt
edit- Alphonse Mucha's The Slav Epic is shown for the first time.[12]
Music
edit- Bohuslav Martinů's Czech Rhapsody is first performed.[13]
- Leoš Janáček's song cycle The Diary of One Who Disappeared is first performed. He starts composing the opera Káťa Kabanová.[14]
Births
edit- 8 May – Hildegard Neumann, overseer at Nazi concentration camps (died 2010).[15]
- 2 June – Florence Marly, actor (died 1978).[16]
- 1 November – Ruth Elfriede Hildner, guard at Nazi concentration camps (died 1947).[17]
- 5 December – Heda Margolius Kovály, writer and translator (died 2010).[18]
Deaths
edit- 4 May – Milan Rastislav Štefánik, aviator and astronomer, first Minister of War (born 1880).[19]
References
editCitations
edit- ^ Cook & Paxton 2001, p. 42.
- ^ Balík et al. 2017, p. 42.
- ^ Turosienski 1936, p. 129.
- ^ Brenner 1997, p. 58.
- ^ a b Brenner 1997, p. 61.
- ^ "Center for Austrian Studies". Austrian Studies | College of Liberal Arts. 22 September 2023.
- ^ a b Howard 1949, p. 461.
- ^ Turosienski 1936, p. 130.
- ^ Kohen & Hébié 2018, p. 269.
- ^ Štědroň 1976, p. 218.
- ^ Spinka 1949, p. 298.
- ^ Husslein-Arco 2009, p. 60.
- ^ Rybka 2011, p. 30.
- ^ Jones 2021, p. 460.
- ^ Brown 2002, p. 182.
- ^ Parrish 2002, p. 365.
- ^ Brown 2002, p. 115.
- ^ Wlaschek 1995, p. 141.
- ^ Steiner 1973, p. 20.
Bibliography
edit- Balík, Stanislav; Hloušek, Vít; Kopeček, Lubomír; Holzer, Jan; Pšej, Pavel; Roberts, Andrew Lawrence (2017). Czech Politics: From West to East and Back Again. Leverkusen-Opladen: Verlag Barbara Budrich. ISBN 978-3-84740-974-8.
- Brenner, Michael (1997). Czechoslovakia. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-30017-915-6.
- Brown, Daniel Patrick (2002). The Camp Women: The Female Auxiliaries who Assisted the SS in Running the Nazi Concentration Camp System. Atglen: Schiffer Military History. ISBN 978-0-76431-444-5.
- Cook, Chris; Paxton, John (2001). European Political Facts of the Twentieth Century. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-33397-746-0.
- Howard, Harry N. (1949). "Chronology". In Kerner, Robert J. (ed.). Czechoslovakia. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 453–478. OCLC 3834800.
- Husslein-Arco, Agnes (2009). Alphonse Mucha. Munich: Prestel. ISBN 978-3-79134-356-3.
- Jones, Barry (2021). Dictionary of World Biography. Acton, Australian Capital Territory: ANU Press. ISBN 978-1-76046-467-7.
- Kohen, Marcelo G.; Hébié, Mamadou (2018). Research Handbook on Territorial Disputes in International Law. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78254-686-3.
- Parrish, James Robert (2002). The Hollywood Book of Death. Chicago: Contemporary Books. ISBN 978-0-80922-227-8.
- Rybka, F. James (2011). Bohuslav Martinu: The Compulsion to Compose. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-81087-762-7.
- Spinka, Matthew (1949). "The Religious Situation in Czechoslovakia". In Kerner, Robert J. (ed.). Czechoslovakia. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 284–301. OCLC 3834800.
- Steiner, Eugen (1973). The Slovak Dilemma. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-52107-793-4.
- Štědroň, Bohumír (1976). Leoš Janáček: K Jeho Lidskému a Uměleckému Profilu [Leoš Janáček: His Human and Artistic Profile] (in Czech). Prague: Panton. OCLC 1032363922.
- Turosienski, Severin K (1936). Education in Czechoslovakia. Washington: Government Printing Office. OCLC 248016228.
- Wlaschek, Rudolf M. (1995). -Biographia Judaica Bohemiae: Volume 1. Dortmund: Forschungsstelle Ostmitteleuropa. ISBN 978-3-92329-347-6.