Events from the year 1918 in Czechoslovakia. The year was marked by the Czechoslovak declaration of independence and the Martin Declaration. The year also saw the election of the first President and Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia, Tomáš Masaryk and Karel Kramář respectively.
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Incumbents
edit- President: Tomáš Masaryk (position established on 14 November).[1]
- Prime Minister: Karel Kramář (position established on 14 November).[2]
Events
edit- 22 May – Robert Cecil recognises right of the Czech and Slovak people for full independence on behalf of the Foreign Office.[3]
- 30 May – The Pittsburgh Agreement is signed by representatives of the Czech and Slovak communities in the United States, approving the formation of a state for both.[4]
- 4 July – At a mass meeting in Independence Hall in Philadelphia, the Czechoslovak National Council issue a formal declaration of independence.[5]
- 28 October – The formal declaration is made that the Czech and Slovak people are to no longer part of Austria-Hungary and instead the new state of Czechoslovakia.[6]
- 31 October – The Martin Declaration declares Slovak independence from Hungary and adherence to the new state.[7]
- 5 November:
- The Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren is founded by the merger of many Protestant denominations.[8]
- Czech gendarmes cross the Moravian-Hungarian border into Upper Hungary.[9]
- 8 November – The Czechoslovak War Cross 1918 is created for acts of military valour during the First World War.[10]
- 13 November – The Provisional Constitution provides the new President of Czechoslovakia with executive powers, including the right to appoint cabinets.[11]
- 14 November – A National Assembly is created with 260 delegates.[12] A new cabinet is formed under Prime Minister Karel Kramář.[13]
- 4 December – The Allies recognise Czechoslovakia as the successor to the Austria-Hungary in Bohemia and Slovakia.[14]
- 21 December – Tomáš Masaryk rejects requests for Czechoslovakia to join the new Republic of German-Austria.[15]
Popular culture
editArt
edit- Alphonse Mucha paints Petr Chelčický at Vodňany and The Last days of Jan Amos Komenský [Comenius] in Naarden, part of The Slav Epic.[16]
Music
edit- Bohuslav Martinů composes Czech Rhapsody, Magic Nights and Puppets.[17]
- Leoš Janáček's Taras Bulba is first performed.[18]
Births
edit- 24 February – Svatopluk Beneš, actor (died 2007).[citation needed]
- 13 August – Gertrude Kleinová, thrice World Champion table tennis player (died 1976).[19]
Deaths
edit- 27 April – Jan Preisler, artist (born 1872).[20]
References
editCitations
edit- ^ Cook & Paxton 2001, p. 42.
- ^ Balík et al. 2017, p. 42.
- ^ Howard 1949, p. 459.
- ^ Fawn & Hochman 2010, p. 27.
- ^ Miller 1949, p. 83.
- ^ Howard 1949, p. 460.
- ^ Graham 1949, p. 109.
- ^ Spinka 1949, p. 298.
- ^ Brenner 1997, p. 42.
- ^ Bílek et al. 1987, p. 128.
- ^ Graham 1949, p. 112.
- ^ Cook & Paxton 2001, p. 203.
- ^ Cook & Paxton 2001, p. 120.
- ^ Howard 1949, p. 461.
- ^ Brenner 1997, p. 67.
- ^ Husslein-Arco 2009, p. 59.
- ^ Rybka 2011, p. 30.
- ^ Jones 2021, p. 460.
- ^ Siegman 2020, p. 219.
- ^ Novotny 1960, p. 96.
Bibliography
edit- Balík, Stanislav; Hloušek, Vít; Kopeček, Lubomír; Holzer, Jan; Pšej, Pavel; Roberts, Andrew Lawrence (2017). Czech Politics: From West to East and Back Again. Leverkusen-Opladen: Verlag Barbara Budrich. ISBN 978-3-84740-974-8.
- Bílek, Jiří; Hladký, Milan; Major, Pavel; Petráček, Jiří (1987). Vojenské Dějiny Československa: díl 1918–1939 [Military history of Czechoslovakia: 1918–1939] (in Czech). Prague: Nase Vojsko. OCLC 39419270.
- Brenner, Michael (1997). Czechoslovakia. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-30017-915-6.
- Cook, Chris; Paxton, John (2001). European Political Facts of the Twentieth Century. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-33397-746-0.
- Fawn, Rick; Hochman, Jiří (2010). Historical Dictionary of the Czech State. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-81085-648-6.
- Graham, Malbone W. (1949). "Constitutional and Political Structure". In Kerner, Robert J. (ed.). Czechoslovakia. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 106–136. OCLC 3834800.
- Husslein-Arco, Agnes (2009). Alphonse Mucha. Munich: Prestel. ISBN 978-3-79134-356-3.
- Howard, Harry N. (1949). "Chronology". In Kerner, Robert J. (ed.). Czechoslovakia. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 453–478. OCLC 3834800.
- Jones, Barry (2021). Dictionary of World Biography. Acton, Australian Capital Territory: ANU Press. ISBN 978-1-76046-467-7.
- Miller, Herbert Adolphus (1949). "What Woodrow Wilson and America Meant to Czechoslovakia". In Kerner, Robert J. (ed.). Czechoslovakia. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 71–89. OCLC 3834800.
- Novotny, Vladimir (1960). Treasures of the Prague National Gallery. London: Batchworth Press. OCLC 13632587.
- Rybka, F. James (2011). Bohuslav Martinu: The Compulsion to Compose. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-81087-762-7.
- Siegman, Joseph (2020). Jewish Sports Legends: The International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-1-49620-188-1.
- Spinka, Matthew (1949). "The Religious Situation in Czechoslovakia". In Kerner, Robert J. (ed.). Czechoslovakia. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 284–301. OCLC 3834800.