1869 in literature

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This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1869.

Events

February 3 – Booth's Theatre opens on Manhattan with the owner, Edwin Booth, playing the male lead in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.^[1]
May 10 – As a protest against her drama school having been closed down by the Russian authorities, Swedish-born actress Hedvig Raa-Winterhjelm delivers the lines in her next performance, Aleksis Kivi's Lea, in the Finnish language, the first time it has been spoken in the public theatre in Finland.
May 22 – Serial publication of Anthony Trollope's novel He Knew He Was Right concludes and it appears in London as the first book to include a fictional private investigator, ex-policeman Samuel Bozzle.^[2]
August
- Ambrose Bierce, writing a satirical column for the San Francisco News Letter, begins to produce the cynical definitions which will eventually become The Devil's Dictionary.^[3]
- Macmillan Publishing opens its first American office in New York City, headed by George Edward Brett.^[4]
October 5 – Model, poet and artist Elizabeth Siddal (d. 1862) is exhumed at Highgate Cemetery in London in order to recover the manuscript of Dante Gabriel Rossetti's Poems buried with her.^[5]
December – Publication of Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace («Война и миръ», Voyna i mir) complete in book form concludes. It is printed in Moscow and sold by the author on subscription.^[6]
unknown dates – Eiríkur Magnússon and William Morris publish their first translations of Old Icelandic sagas into English: Grettis Saga: The Story of Grettir the Strong (from Grettis saga) and The Story of Gunnlaug the Worm-tongue and Raven the Skald (from Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu).

New books

Fiction

Thomas Bailey Aldrich – The Story of a Bad Boy^[7]
Ignacio Manuel Altamirano – Clemencia (debut novel)^[8]
Horatio Alger, Jr. – Luck and Pluck^[9]
R. M. Ballantyne – Erling the Bold
R. D. Blackmore – Lorna Doone^[10]
Fyodor Dostoyevsky – The Idiot (Идіотъ)^[11]
Alexandre Dumas, père – The Knight of Sainte-Hermine (Le Chevalier de Sainte-Hermine, unfinished; first published 2005)
Gustave Flaubert – Sentimental Education (L'Éducation sentimentale)^[12]
Émile Gaboriau – Monsieur Lecoq^[13]
Ivan Goncharov – The Precipice (Обрыв)
Edmond and Jules de Goncourt – Madame Gervaisais
Victor Hugo – The Man Who Laughs (L'Homme qui rit)
Sheridan Le Fanu – The Wyvern Mystery
Nikolai Leskov – Old Years in Plodomasovo («Ста′рые го′ды в селе′ Плодома′сове» published serially in Russkiy Vestnik)
Joaquim Manuel de Macedo – A Luneta Mágica (The Magical Glasses)^[14]
Hector Malot – Romain Kalbris^[15]
Florence Montgomery – Misunderstood^[16]
Charles Reade – Foul Play
Capt. Hawley Smart – Breezie Langton
Hesba Stretton – Alone in London
Leo Tolstoy – War and Peace
Charlotte M. Yonge – The Chaplet of Pearls

Children and young people

Louisa May Alcott – Good Wives^[17]
Frances Freeling Broderip
- Tales of the Toys told by Themselves^[18]
- The Daisy and her Friends: Tales and Stories for Children
Juliana Horatia Ewing – Mrs. Overtheway's Remembrances^[19]
Jean Ingelow – Mopsa the Fairy^[20]
A. D. T. Whitney – Hitherto

Drama

Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson – Sigurd Slembe (Sigurd the Bastard, trilogy, first performed, in Germany)
François Coppée – Le Passant
Navalram Pandya – Veermati
Mendele Mocher Sforim – Di Takse (The Tax, unperformed)
Alexander Sukhovo-Kobylin – Scenes from the Past

Poetry

Henry Kendall – Leaves from Australian Forests

Non-fiction

Matthew Arnold – Culture and Anarchy^[21]
P. T. Barnum – Struggles and Triumphs
Josephine Butler (editor) – Women's Work and Women's Culture
Warren Felt Evans – The Mental Cure, illustrating the influence of the Mind on the Body
William Ewart Gladstone – Juventus Mundi: The gods and men of "the heroic" age
John Stuart Mill – The Subjection of Women
John Neal — Wandering Recollections of a Somewhat Busy Life: An Autobiography^[22]
Mark Twain – The Innocents Abroad
Richard Wagner – Das Judenthum in der Musik (Jewishness in Music)
Garnet Wolseley – Soldier’s Pocket-book for Field Service

Births

January 10 – Rachel Davis Harris, African American librarian (died 1969)
January 15 – Stanisław Wyspiański, Polish dramatist, poet, painter and architect (died 1907)
February 8 – Victor Ido, born Hans van de Wall, Dutch East Indian journalist, novelist and playwright (died 1948)
February 11 – Else Lasker-Schüler, German-born poet, playwright and short story writer (died 1945)
March 11
- F. G. Loring, English writer and naval officer (died 1951)
- Rosa Louise Woodberry, American journalist and educator (died 1932)
March 14 – Algernon Blackwood, English writer (died 1951)^[23]
May 10 – Rachel Davis Harris, African American librarian (died 1969)
May 23 – Olivia Ward Bush-Banks, American poet (died 1944)
June 10 – Arthur Shearly Cripps, English-born poet, short story writer and Anglican priest in Africa (died 1952)
July 1 – William Strunk, Jr., American professor of English (died 1946)
July 8 – William Vaughn Moody, American dramatist and poet (died 1910)
July 29 – Booth Tarkington, American novelist (died 1946)
August 10 – Laurence Binyon, English poet and dramatist (died 1943)^[24]
September 6 – Felix Salten, Austrian author and critic (died 1945)^[25]
October 6 – Bo Bergman, Swedish poet (died 1967)^[26]
November 15 – Charlotte Mew, English poet (died 1928)^[27]
November 20 – Zinaida Gippius, Russian writer (died 1945)
November 22 – André Gide, French writer (died 1951)^[28]
December 22 – Edwin Arlington Robinson, American poet (died 1935)^[29]
December 30 – Stephen Leacock, English-born Canadian humorist and economist (died 1944)

Deaths

January 20 – Carl Wilhelm Göttling, German classical commentator (born 1793)^[30]
January 28 – Sophie Bolander, Swedish writer (born 1807)^[31]
January 30
- Frances Catherine Barnard, English writer (born 1796)
- William Carleton, Irish writer (born 1794)
February 15 – Ghalib, Indian poet (born 1796)
February 28 – Alphonse de Lamartine, French poet and politician (born 1790)^[32]
March 31 – David Rees (Y Cynhyrfwr), Nonconformist leader and author (born 1801)^[33]
May 16 – Giovanni Peruzzini, Italian poet, opera librettist, and translator of German literature (born 1815)^[34]
May 18 – Peter Cunningham, British literary scholar and antiquarian (born 1816)
July 7 – Paul Botten-Hansen, Norwegian librarian, book collector, magazine editor and literary critic (born 1824)^[35]
July 11 – William Jerdan, Scottish-born editor (born 1782)
July 15 – Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Duncker, German publisher (born 1781)
July 19 – Victor Aimé Huber, German travel writer and literary historian (born 1800)
July 22 – Julius Braun, German historian (born 1825)
August 2 – Thomas Medwin, English poet, biographer and translator (born 1788)
September 12 – Peter Mark Roget, British lexicographer (born 1779)
October – John Jones (Talhaiarn), poet (born 1810)^[36]
October 13 – Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French literary critic (b. 1804)^[37]
October 18 – Simon Jenko, Slovene poet (born 1835)^{[citation needed]}
November 3 – Andreas Kalvos, Greek Romantic poet and dramatist (born 1792)
November 12 – Gheorghe Asachi, Moldavian polymath (born 1788)^[38]

Notes

Hahn, Daniel (2015). The Oxford Companion to Children's Literature (Second ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198715542.

References

^ Mark Twain (28 July 1992). Mark Twain's Letters, Volume 3: 1869. University of California Press. p. 205. ISBN 978-0-520-90608-2.
^ Super, R. H. (1990). The chronicler of Barsetshire : a life of Anthony Trollope. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. p. 241. ISBN 9780472081394.
^ Bierce, Ambrose. "The Town Crier," San Francisco News Letter and California Advertiser, 14 Aug. 1869, p. 11; reprinted in The Unabridged Devil's Dictionary, David E. Schultz and S. T. Joshi, eds.; Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2000, pp. xv-xvi.
^ Trager, James. The New York Chronology: The Ultimate Compendium of Events, People, and Anecdotes from the Dutch to the Present. p. 154.
^ Jeremy Cooper (1998). Victorian and Edwardian Decor: From the Gothic Revival to Art Nouveau. Abbeville Press. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-7892-0446-2.
^ Martin, R. Eden (July 2012). "The Original War and Peace" (PDF). Caxtonian. 20 (7). Caxton Club: 1–5. Retrieved 2015-10-21.
^ Aldrich, Thomas (1990). The story of a bad boy. Hanover, NH: University of New Hampshire Press. ISBN 9780874517941.
^ "Reseña: Clemencia de Ignacio Manuel Altamirano" [Summary: Clemencia by Ignacio Manuel Altamirano]. Compartiendo grafias (in Spanish). Retrieved June 1, 2019.
^ Hahn 2015, p. 15
^ Cooper, Robert (1998). The literary guide & companion to southern England. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press. p. 306. ISBN 9780821412251.
^ Morson, Gary Saul (2009). "Return to Process: The Unfolding of The Idiot". New Literary History. 40 (4): 843–865. doi:10.1353/nlh.0.0114. JSTOR 40666450. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
^ Schwab, Gail (1995). The French Revolution of 1789 and its impact. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. p. 159. ISBN 9780313293399.
^ R. Bonnoit (1985). Émile Gaboriau ou la Naissance du Roman Policier. Librairie Philosophique J Vrin. p. 150.
^ Bosi, Alfredo (2018). História concisa da literatura brasileira (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Editora Cultrix. p. 130. ISBN 9788531601897.
^ Malot, Hector (1992). Romain Kalbris. Paris: Hachette jeunesse. ISBN 9782010195655.
^ John, Juliet (2016). The Oxford Handbook of Victorian Literary Culture. Oxford University Press. p. 619. ISBN 978-0-19-959373-6.
^ Hahn 2015, pp. 12-13
^ Hahn 2015, p. 95
^ Hahn 2015, p. 190
^ Hahn 2015, p. 301
^ Arnold, Matthew (1993). Culture and anarchy and other writings. Cambridge New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. p. vi. ISBN 9780521377966.
^ Sears, Donald A. (1978). John Neal. Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers. p. 145. ISBN 080-5-7723-08.
^ "Blackwood, Algernon Henry". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31913. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Binyon, Laurence" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
^ McColl, Sandra (1996). Music criticism in Vienna, 1896-1897: critically moving forms. Oxford New York: Clarendon Press Oxford University Press. p. 27. ISBN 9780198165644.
^ World Biography. Institute for Research in Biography. 1954. p. 91.
^ Warner, Val, ed. Collected Poems and Selected Prose of Charlotte Mews. New York: Routledge, 2003, p. ix.
^ Sheridan, Alan (1999). André Gide: a life in the present. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 7. ISBN 9780674035270.
^ Smith, Danny D. "Biography of Edwin Arlington Robinson". A Virtual Tour of Robinson's Gardiner, Maine. Gardiner Public Library. Archived from the original on October 2, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2021.
^ Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Göttling, Karl Wilhelm" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
^ "Sophie C M Bolander - Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon". sok.riksarkivet.se (in Swedish). Retrieved January 30, 2019.
^ Carruth, Gorton (1993). The Encyclopedia of World Facts and Dates. New York: HarperCollins. p. 492. ISBN 9780062700124.
^ John Dyfnallt Owen (1959). "Rees, David (1801-1869), Congregational minister, and editor". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
^ John Black (2002). "Peruzzini, Giovanni". Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O005160.
^ "Paul Botten-Hansen 1824–1869". selhistorie.no. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
^ David Gwenallt Jones (1959). "Jones, John (Talhaiarn; 1810-1869), architect and poet". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
^ LastName, FirstName (1990). Gateway to the Great Books : Ten-volume Set. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. p. 62. ISBN 9781593392215.
^ (in Romanian) Cărăbuș, Gheorghe Gabriel. "Asachi – un separatist avant la lettre" (PDF). p. 198. Retrieved 15 September 2024.

[1] Mark Twain (28 July 1992). Mark Twain's Letters, Volume 3: 1869. University of California Press. p. 205. ISBN 978-0-520-90608-2.

[2] Super, R. H. (1990). The chronicler of Barsetshire : a life of Anthony Trollope. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. p. 241. ISBN 9780472081394.

[3] Bierce, Ambrose. "The Town Crier," San Francisco News Letter and California Advertiser, 14 Aug. 1869, p. 11; reprinted in The Unabridged Devil's Dictionary, David E. Schultz and S. T. Joshi, eds.; Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2000, pp. xv-xvi.

[4] Trager, James. The New York Chronology: The Ultimate Compendium of Events, People, and Anecdotes from the Dutch to the Present. p. 154.

[5] Jeremy Cooper (1998). Victorian and Edwardian Decor: From the Gothic Revival to Art Nouveau. Abbeville Press. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-7892-0446-2.

[6] Martin, R. Eden (July 2012). "The Original War and Peace" (PDF). Caxtonian. 20 (7). Caxton Club: 1–5. Retrieved 2015-10-21.

[7] Aldrich, Thomas (1990). The story of a bad boy. Hanover, NH: University of New Hampshire Press. ISBN 9780874517941.

[8] "Reseña: Clemencia de Ignacio Manuel Altamirano" [Summary: Clemencia by Ignacio Manuel Altamirano]. Compartiendo grafias (in Spanish). Retrieved June 1, 2019.

[9] Hahn 2015, p. 15

[10] Cooper, Robert (1998). The literary guide & companion to southern England. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press. p. 306. ISBN 9780821412251.

[11] Morson, Gary Saul (2009). "Return to Process: The Unfolding of The Idiot". New Literary History. 40 (4): 843–865. doi:10.1353/nlh.0.0114. JSTOR 40666450. Retrieved 3 January 2021.

[12] Schwab, Gail (1995). The French Revolution of 1789 and its impact. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. p. 159. ISBN 9780313293399.

[13] R. Bonnoit (1985). Émile Gaboriau ou la Naissance du Roman Policier. Librairie Philosophique J Vrin. p. 150.

[14] Bosi, Alfredo (2018). História concisa da literatura brasileira (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Editora Cultrix. p. 130. ISBN 9788531601897.

[15] Malot, Hector (1992). Romain Kalbris. Paris: Hachette jeunesse. ISBN 9782010195655.

[16] John, Juliet (2016). The Oxford Handbook of Victorian Literary Culture. Oxford University Press. p. 619. ISBN 978-0-19-959373-6.

[17] Hahn 2015, pp. 12-13

[18] Hahn 2015, p. 95

[19] Hahn 2015, p. 190

[20] Hahn 2015, p. 301

[21] Arnold, Matthew (1993). Culture and anarchy and other writings. Cambridge New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. p. vi. ISBN 9780521377966.

[22] Sears, Donald A. (1978). John Neal. Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers. p. 145. ISBN 080-5-7723-08.

[23] "Blackwood, Algernon Henry". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31913. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[24] Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Binyon, Laurence" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

[25] McColl, Sandra (1996). Music criticism in Vienna, 1896-1897: critically moving forms. Oxford New York: Clarendon Press Oxford University Press. p. 27. ISBN 9780198165644.

[26] World Biography. Institute for Research in Biography. 1954. p. 91.

[27] Warner, Val, ed. Collected Poems and Selected Prose of Charlotte Mews. New York: Routledge, 2003, p. ix.

[28] Sheridan, Alan (1999). André Gide: a life in the present. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 7. ISBN 9780674035270.

[29] Smith, Danny D. "Biography of Edwin Arlington Robinson". A Virtual Tour of Robinson's Gardiner, Maine. Gardiner Public Library. Archived from the original on October 2, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2021.

[30] Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Göttling, Karl Wilhelm" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.

[31] "Sophie C M Bolander - Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon". sok.riksarkivet.se (in Swedish). Retrieved January 30, 2019.

[32] Carruth, Gorton (1993). The Encyclopedia of World Facts and Dates. New York: HarperCollins. p. 492. ISBN 9780062700124.

[33] John Dyfnallt Owen (1959). "Rees, David (1801-1869), Congregational minister, and editor". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 4 December 2021.

[34] John Black (2002). "Peruzzini, Giovanni". Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O005160.

[35] "Paul Botten-Hansen 1824–1869". selhistorie.no. Retrieved March 1, 2018.

[36] David Gwenallt Jones (1959). "Jones, John (Talhaiarn; 1810-1869), architect and poet". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 4 December 2021.

[37] LastName, FirstName (1990). Gateway to the Great Books : Ten-volume Set. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. p. 62. ISBN 9781593392215.

[38] (in Romanian) Cărăbuș, Gheorghe Gabriel. "Asachi – un separatist avant la lettre" (PDF). p. 198. Retrieved 15 September 2024.

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