Zerynthia is a genus of swallowtail butterflies placed in the subfamily Parnassiinae. The genus has a complex history; a multiplicity of names have been applied to its species.
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Papilionidae |
| Tribe: | Zerynthiini |
| Genus: | Zerynthia Ochsenheimer, 1816 |
| Species | |
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| Synonyms | |
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Species
editZerynthia consists of the following species:[1]
| Eggs | Caterpillar | Butterfly | Scientific name | Distribution |
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Zerynthia polyxena - (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)[2] | southern Europe (southeastern France, Italy, Slovakia and Greece) covering all the Balkans and reaching the south of Kazakhstan and the Urals. |
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Zerynthia rumina - (Linnaeus, 1758)[3] | North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula and southern France. |
Taxonomy
editSee Ackery (1975), Larsen (1973), Kuhna (1977) [4] Kocak (1975, 1977) [5][6] , de Freina (1979) [7] Vazrick Nazari and Felix A. H. Sperling (2007).[8] Ackery (1975) pointed out that Zerynthia is a junior synonym of Parnalius Rafinesque, 1815 published as a replacement name for the preoccupied Thais Fabricius and moreover correctly listed by Sherborne (1929) Neave (1940) and Cowan (1970). Parnalius has subsequently been suppressed cf. The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 36 (1979): 102)
Synonymy
edit- Zerynthia Ochsenheimer, 1816
- Thais Fabricius, 1807 (Systema glossatorum: XI): typus moneat.; junior homonym of Thais Roding, 1789.
- Thais Fabricius, 1807 (Mag. fur Insektenkunde 6: 283) type Papilio hypsiphyle Fabricius by monotypy.
- Parnalius Rafinesque, 1815 (Analyse Nat.: 128) type by Art. 67 (1): Papilio hypsiphyle Fabricius.
- Zerynthia Ochsenheimer, 1816 (Schmett. Europ. 4: 128) type polyxena Schiff, selected by Scudder; n.n. pro Thais Fabricius. subspecies polyxena, medisicaste, rumina.
- Eugraphis (Dalman i.l.) Billberg, 1820 (Ennum. Ins.: 75) type hypsiphyle Fabricius by monotypy.
- Zerinthia Sodovsky, 1837 (Bulletin de la Société Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou. 1834 (10): 82: nom. emend. pro Zerynthia Ochs.
- Cerynthia Staudinger, 1861 (Staudinger and Wocke: Cat. Lep. Europ. (1): 1: nom. emend.
- Zerynthyia Zerny, 1927 (Eos, Madrid 3: 313): nom. emend.
- Thays Rocci, 1928 (Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 10: 55): nom. emend.
- Allancastria Bryk, 1934 (Parnassiana 2: 104) type cerisyi Godart by monotypy: synonymised by Ackery, 1975. NOTE: subsequent researchers have typically not considered Allancastria to be a synonym, and treat it either as a valid genus (e.g. [9][10]) or as a valid subgenus within Zerynthia (e.g. [11]).
References
edit- ^ Catalogue of Life:2009; Geraadpleegd op 20-11-2009[permanent dead link]
- ^ [Denis, J. N. C. M. & Schiffermüller, I.] (1775) Ankündung [sic] eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wienergegend. [frontispiece], [title page], 323 pp., Augustin Bernardi, Wien.
- ^ Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Vol. 1 (Animalia), Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm].
- ^ Kuhna, P. 1977 Über Allancastria in Kleinasien (Lep. Papilionidae). Atalanta 8 (2): 99-107 (11 figs .).
- ^ Koçak,A.Ö., 1975, New Lepidoptera from Turkey-II. Atalanta 6 (1): 50-55, 10 figs.7.
- ^ Koçak,A.Ö., 1977, New Lepidoptera from Turkey V. Atalanta 7 (2): 126-146, 47 Abb, 1 map.
- ^ De Freina, J.J. (1979) Zur Kenntnis der Gattung Allan-castria unter Berücksichtigung der Arten A. cerisyund A. deyrollei (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift 89: 129-142.
- ^ Vazrick Nazari and Felix A. H. Sperling, 2007 Mitochondrial DNA divergence and phylogeography in western Palaearctic Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae): How many species are there? Insect systematics & evolution 38(2):121-138 · April 2007 Download Available from Researchgate
- ^ Sala, G., Bollino, M. (1994) Allancastria cerisyi Godart, 1822 in the Balkans: new subspecies and critical notes on the existing populations (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Atalanta (Würzburg) 25: 151-160
- ^ Nazari, V., Zakharov, E.V., and Sperling, F.A.H., 2007. Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and taxonomic ranking of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) based on morphology and seven genes. Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution, 42: 131-156 Archived June 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (in English)
- ^ Fauan Europaea