Zbigniew Stefan Messner (Polish: [ˈzbiɡɲɛf ˈmɛsnɛr] ⓘ; 13 March 1929 – 10 January 2014) was a Polish communist politician and economist. His ancestors were of German Polish descent who had assimilated into Polish society. In 1972, he became Professor of Karol Adamiecki University of Economics in Katowice. In the 1980s, Messner held numerous high ranking posts within communist party apparatus. He was a member of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) from 1981 to 1990, when PZPR was dissolved, member of the PZPR Politburo from 1981 to 1988, Deputy Prime Minister from 1983 to 1985, member of Sejm from 1985 to 1989, Prime Minister of Polish People's Republic from 1985 to 1988 and member of the State Council of the Polish People's Republic from 1988 to 1989.[1] Additionally in the 1960s Messner was the chairman of Piast Gliwice football club.[2]
Zbigniew Messner | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Prime Minister of Poland | |
| In office 6 November 1985 – 27 September 1988 | |
| Preceded by | Wojciech Jaruzelski |
| Succeeded by | Mieczysław Rakowski |
| Member of Sejm | |
| In office 6 November 1985 – 30 May 1989 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Zbigniew Stefan Messner 13 March 1929 Stryj, Stanisławów Voivodeship, Second Polish Republic (now Stryi, Ukraine) |
| Died | 10 January 2014 (aged 84) Warsaw, Poland |
| Political party | Polish United Workers' Party (1954-1990) |
| Profession | Economist |
Early life
editMessner was born on 13 March 1929 in Stryj, then located in Poland (now Stryi, Ukraine). After Soviet annexation of former Polish eastern regions in 1945, his family decided to leave Stryj and move to Gliwice.[2] In 1953 Messner graduated Karol Adamiecki University of Economics in Katowice, where he continued to work in the following years as an academic worker.
Political career
editIn 1954 Messner joined PZPR. In 1980 he became the chairman of the Katowice Voivodeship National Council. In the following year Messner was appointed First Secretary of the Voivodeship Committee of the PZPR in Katowice[3] and member of PZPR Central Committee and Politburo. There he started to collaborate with Wojciech Jaruzelski, then prime minister and leader of the PZPR, who in 1983 made Messner his Deputy Prime Minister, responsible for economic affairs. When in 1985 Jaruzelski became the Chairman of the Council of State and resigned from the Prime Minister's office, he appointed Messner as his successor. This move was not caused by Messner's competence, but his loyalty and subjugation to Jaruzelski.[4]
As economist and now Prime Minister, Messner was tasked by Jaruzelski with the implementation of some market elements into planned economy system in order to save Polish economy from collapse, while preventing political liberalization. Messner's cabinet work led to adaptation of several bills, which included e.g. increasing the independence of state enterprises, allowing for the creation of private banks and privatisation, etc.[5]
However Messner's reforms coincided with drastic price increases and further economic recession. Moreover, the referendum on economic reforms in 1987, proposed by the government turned out to be a failure, because it did not receive enough votes to make its result binding. In 1988, a wave of strikes organized by the opposition's "Solidarity" trade union spread throughout the country. Messner came under pressure of both opoposition and other factions within PZPR. In the Sejm (Parliament), members of pro-communist All-Poland Alliance of Trade Unions (OPZZ), started to speak against Messner. The criticism within communist party forced Jaruzelski to pressure Messener to resign. Messner eventually resigned in September 1988, justifying his decision with "health problems", and had to transfer power to Mieczysław Rakowski.[6] After his resignation Jaruzelski gave him a seat in Council of State, in which Messner remained until the abolishment of the Council, creation of the office of President of Poland and presidential election in July 1989.
Later life
editAfter 1989 Messner retreated from political life and returned to academic career. He died in Warsaw on 10 January 2014.[7]
Awards and decorations
edit
Order of the Banner of Labour, 1st Class
Commander's Cross with Star of Order of Polonia Restituta (1997)[8]
Commander's Cross of Order of Polonia Restituta
Knight's Cross of Order of Polonia Restituta
Medal of the 40th Anniversary of People's Poland (1984)
Medal for Long Marital Life (2000)[9]
Medal of the National Education Commission
Badge of the honorary title "Meritorious Teacher of the Polish People's Republic"
Golden Star of Peoples' Friendship (East Germany, 1986)[10]
Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" (USSR, 1985)[11]
Medal of 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Georgi Dimitrov (Bulgaria, 1983)[12]
References
edit- ^ "Parlamentarzyści - Pełny widok rekordu". bs.sejm.gov.pl. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ a b "Zmarł Zbigniew Messner, były prezes Piasta". Piast Gliwice (in Polish). 10 January 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ Secretary of the Voivodeship Committee was leader of the PZPR structures in the given Voivodeship. From 1950 to 1975 there were 17 Voivodeship Committees, after Gierek's administrational reform of 1975, the number of Voivodeships was increased to 49. Reform was initialized by Gierek, with the goal of weakening the local influential party structures and replacing 17 politically strong Secretaries with 49 Secretaries who would have control over much smaller territories and wield lesser political influence.
- ^ Burakowski, Adam; Gubrynowicz, Aleksander; Ukielski, Paweł (2021). 1989. Jesień Narodów [1989. Autumn of Nations] (in Polish). Warsaw: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy. p. 82. ISBN 9788381963275.
- ^ "Prof. A. Dudek: zdaniem Jaruzelskiego premier Messner miał uzdrowić gospodarkę PRL". dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ Burakowski, Adam; Gubrynowicz, Aleksander; Ukielski, Paweł (2021). 1989. Jesień Narodów [1989. Autumn of Nations] (in Polish). Warsaw: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy. pp. 84–86. ISBN 9788381963275.
- ^ "Nie żyje Zbigniew Messner, premier PRL w latach 1985-88". Archived from the original on 14 January 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
- ^ (in Polish) M.P. z 1997 r. nr 86, poz. 869.
- ^ (in Polish) M.P. z 2000 r. nr 28, poz. 563.
- ^ (in Polish) Wysokie odznaczenie dla Premiera PRL [w:] „Trybuna Robotnicza”, nr 154, 3 lipca 1986, s. 1.
- ^ (in Polish) „Życie Partii”, nr 11, 22 maja 1985, s. 21.
- ^ (in Polish) „Wojskowy Przegląd Historyczny”, nr 1 (107), styczeń–marzec 1984, s. 116.
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