Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides

Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Sapindales
Family:	Rutaceae
Genus:	Zanthoxylum
Species:	Z. zanthoxyloides
Binomial name
	Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides; (Lam.) Zepern. & Timler, 1981
Synonyms
	Fagara zanthoxyloides Lam. ; Zanthoxylum senegalense DC.

Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, also called Senegal prickly-ash or artar root,^[1] is a plant species in the genus Zanthoxylum.

The plant contains isomeric divanilloylquinic acids (3,4-O-divanilloylquinic acid or burkinabin A, 3,5-O-divanilloylquinic acid or burkinabin B and 4,5-O-divanilloylquinic acid or burkinabin C).^[2] Burkinabin C, a type of hydrolysable tannin can be found in the root bark of F. zanthoxyloides.^[3] It also contains fagaronine, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid.^[4]

A study by Williams, Soelberg and Jäger (2016) showed than ethanolic extracts of Z. zanthoxyloides have in vitro anthelmintic properties against the nematode Ascaris suum, a swine parasite that is closely related to the human parasite A. lumbricoides. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values were 94 μg/mL and 132 μg/mL, for roots and root bark, respectively. The authors concluded that these results encourage further investigation of the use of this plant as complementary treatment options for ascariasis.^[5]

Spines
Fruits
Fruits

References

^ Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides on www.henriettes-herb.com
^ Ouattara, B.; Jansen, O.; Angenot, L.; Guissou, I.P.; Frédérich, M.; Fondu, P.; Tits, M. (2009). "Antisickling properties of divanilloylquinic acids isolated from Fagara zanthoxyloides Lam (Rutaceae)". Phytomedicine. 16 (2–3): 125–9. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2008.10.013. PMID 19110407.
^ Ouattara, B; Angenot, L; Guissou, P; Fondu, P; Dubois, J; Frédérich, M; Jansen, O; Van Heugen, JC; Wauters, JN; Tits, M (2004). "LC/MS/NMR analysis of isomeric divanilloylquinic acids from the root bark of Fagara zanthoxyloides Lam". Phytochemistry. 65 (8): 1145–51. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.02.025. PMID 15110696.
^ Dupont, C; Couillerot, E; Gillet, R; Caron, C; Zeches-Hanrot, M; Riou, JF; Trentesaux, C (2005). "The benzophenanthridine alkaloid fagaronine induces erythroleukemic cell differentiation by gene activation". Planta Medica. 71 (6): 489–94. doi:10.1055/s-2005-864147. PMID 15971117.
^ Williams, Andrew R.; Soelberg, Jens; Jäger, Anna K. (2016). "Anthelmintic properties of traditional African and Caribbean medicinal plants: identification of extracts with potent activity against Ascaris suum in vitro". Parasite. 23: 24. doi:10.1051/parasite/2016024. ISSN 1776-1042. PMC 4908306. PMID 27301442.