Yoga in France is the practice of yoga, whether for exercise or other reasons, in France. The relaxation technique of yoga nidra was pioneered by Dennis Boyes, whose 1973 book preceded Satyananda Saraswati's popularisation of the technique.
History
editYoga as exercise
editYoga was brought to France in the early 1930s by Maryse Choisy, Cajzoran Ali and Constant Kerneiz.[a][1] Choisy taught meditation and wrote books on the philosophy of yoga; Ali published the 1928 book Les divines postures ("The divine [yoga] postures"); and Kerneiz founded what was probably the first yoga school in France. A pupil of Kermeiz, Lucien Ferrer, opened the Académie occidentale de Yoga ("Western Yoga Academy") in 1950. From the 1960s, with growing interest in yoga as a philosophy, the number of French yoga books, journals, and courses increased rapidly.[1][2]
In Brussels, from 1968 until his death in 2004, the French-speaking André Van Lysebeth single-handedly published a monthly yoga magazine, Yoga. He became widely-known in France and across Europe as a yoga teacher, running yoga holidays, publishing books including the 1968 J'Apprends le Yoga (published in English as Yoga Self-Taught), and training many teachers.[1][3]
In 1971, Eva Ruchpaul founded the Institut Eva Ruchpaul in Paris; it has trained over 1000 yoga teachers.[4][5]
In the 1990s, yoga grew to have millions of practitioners in France, as it continues to do in the 21st century.[6]
Yoga nidra
editIn 1973, Dennis Boyes published his book Le Yoga du sommeil éveillé; méthode de relaxation, yoga nidra ("The Yoga of Waking Sleep: method of relaxation, yoga nidra") in Paris.[7] This is the first known description of yoga nidra in a modern sense as a method of systematic relaxation in any language, preceding Satyananda Saraswati's popularisation of the technique.[8] In the book, Boyes makes use of relaxation techniques including the direction of attention to each part of the body:[9]
Institutions
editYoga has remained largely unregulated in France, without either state control or official instruction in state schools.[1] Four French institutions are members of the standard-setting body, the Union Européenne de Yoga/European Union of Yoga, namely the EU Recherche sur le Yoga dans l'Éducation ("EU Research on Yoga in Education"), Fédération Inter Enseignements de Hatha-Yoga ("International Federation of Teaching Hatha Yoga"), Fédération Nationale des Enseignants de Yoga ("National Federation of Yoga Teachers"), and Institut Francais de Yoga ("French Yoga Institute").[10]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Constant Kerneiz was the pseudonym of Félix Guyot.
References
edit- ^ a b c d Descamps, Marc-Alain. "L'histoire surprenante de l'arrivée du Hatha-Yoga en France". Marc-Alain Descamps. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
- ^ Descamps, Marc-Alain (2011). Histoire du hatha-yoga: en France, passé et présent [History of Hatha-yoga: in France, Past and Present] (in French). Paris: Almora. ISBN 978-2-35118-070-9. OCLC 780319273.
- ^ Pandya, Haresh (21 May 2009). "Krishna Pattabhi Jois, Leading Expert in Yoga, Dies at 93". The New York Times.
Mr. Jois's first exposure to the West came in the form of a student from Belgium, André Van Lysebeth, whose 1967 book 'Yoga Self-Taught' highlighted Mr. Jois
- ^ "Formations Enseignement Cours Yoga Paris - Institut Eva Ruchpaul". Institut Eva Ruchpaul - Hatha Yoga (in French). Retrieved 25 March 2022.
- ^ Piquemal, Marie (18 April 2018). "Eva Ruchpaul, mamie yoga". Libération (in French). Retrieved 25 March 2022.
- ^ Anctoville, Patrick Guillier (17 April 2010). "Le yoga, école de liberté" [Yoga, School of Freedom]. Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 25 March 2022.
- ^ Boyes, Dennis (1973). Le Yoga du sommeil éveillé; méthode de relaxation, yoga nidra [The Yoga of Waking Sleep: Method of Relaxation, Yoga Nidra] (in French). Paris: Épi. OCLC 2283047.
- ^ Birch, Jason; Hargreaves, Jacqueline (January 2015). "Yoganidrā". The Luminescent. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
- ^ Godefroy, Christian H. (March 2019). "La Dynamique Mentale" (PDF). My réussite (in French). p. 37. Retrieved 13 March 2022.
- ^ "40 Years European Union of Yoga" (PDF). European Union of Yoga. 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2022.