Xylographaceae is a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Baeomycetales. It contains four genera and 25 species.[2]
| Xylographaceae | |
|---|---|
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| Herbarium specimen of Xylographa parallela growing on driftwood; 30X magnification | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Baeomycetales |
| Family: | Xylographaceae Tuck. (1888) |
| Type genus | |
| Xylographa (Fr.) Fr. (1836)
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| Genera | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Taxonomy
editThe family was circumscribed in 1888 by American lichenologist Edward Tuckerman (as "Xylographei"). His concept of the family included only Agyrium, and the type genus, Xylographa.[3] In 1929, British lichenologist Walter Watson published a system of lichen classification and included the genera Lithographa, Ptychographa, and Encephalographa in the Xylographaceae, leaving out Agyrium.[4] After that, the family was rarely used until it was resurrected in 2015 following molecular phylogenetic analysis of trapelioid fungi in the subclass Ostropomycetidae. In this analysis, it was determined that trapelioid taxa fall into two major phylogenetic groups; the first group – containing the genera Rimularia, Placynthiella, Trapeliopsis, Trapelia, and Placopsis – are part of the family Trapeliaceae. The remaining trapelioid genera are in the Xylographaceae.[1]
Description
editMost species in the Xylographaceae have linearized, hysteriothecial ascomata.[1] These are ascomata with elongated ascocarps that are initially closed but open by means of a longitudinal fissure that exposes the hymenium.
Genera
edit- Lambiella Hertel (1984)[5] – 12 spp.
- Lithographa Nyl. (1857)[6] – 10 spp.
- Ptychographa Nyl. (1874)[7] – 1 sp.
- Xylographa (Fr.) Fr. (1836) – 2 spp.
References
edit- ^ a b c Resl, Philipp; Schneider, Kevin; Westberg, Martin; Printzen, Christian; Palice, Zdeněk; Thor, Göran; Fryday, Alan; Mayrhofer, Helmut; Spribille, Toby (2015). "Diagnostics for a troubled backbone: testing topological hypotheses of trapelioid lichenized fungi in a large-scale phylogeny of Ostropomycetidae (Lecanoromycetes)". Fungal Diversity. 73 (1): 239–258. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0332-y. PMC 4746758. PMID 26321894.
- ^ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:10481/61998.
- ^ Tuckerman, Edward (1888). A Synopsis of the North American Lichens. Vol. 2. New Bedford: E. Anthony & Sons. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-665-33150-3.
- ^ Watson, W. (1929). "The classification of lichens. Part II". New Phytologist. 28 (2): 85–116. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1929.tb06749.x.
- ^ Hertel, H. (1984). "Über saxicole, lecideoide Flechten der Subantarktis". Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia (in German). 79: 399–499.
- ^ Nylander, W. (1857). "Prodromus lichenographiae Galliae et Algeriae". Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux (in Latin). 21: 393.
- ^ Nylander, W. (1874). "Addenda nova ad lichenographiam europaeam. Contin. XVIII". Flora (Regensburg) (in Latin). 57: 305–318.