Witches' Flight (Spanish: Vuelo de Brujas, also known as Witches in Flight or Witches in the Air) is an oil-on-canvas painting completed in 1798 by the Spanish painter Francisco Goya. It was part of a series of six paintings related to witchcraft acquired by the Duke and Duchess of Osuna in 1798.[a] It has been described as "the most beautiful and powerful of Goya's Osuna witch paintings."[2]
| Witches' Flight | |
|---|---|
| Spanish: Vuelo de Brujas | |
.jpg) | |
| Artist | Francisco Goya |
| Year | 1797–98 |
| Medium | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | 43.5 cm × 30.5 cm (17⅛ in × 12 in) |
| Location | Museo del Prado, Madrid |
The painting was sold to the Duke and Duchess of Osuna on 27 June 1798, to decorate their villa La Alameda, on the outskirts of Madrid. It was then sold in 1896 at the public auction of the Osuna estate to Ramón Ibarra, and again in 1985 to Jaime Ortiz Patiño. Finally, it was acquired by the Prado in 1999, where it remains to this day.[3]
At center point are three semi-nude witches wearing penitential coroza[b] bearing aloft a writhing nude figure, their mouths close to their victim, as if to devour him or suck his blood.[c] Below, two figures in peasants' garb recoil from the spectacle: one has thrown himself to the ground covering his ears, the other attempts to escape by covering himself with a blanket, making the fig hand gesture to ward off the evil eye. Finally, a donkey emerges on the right, seemingly oblivious to the rest of the scene.
The general scholarly consensus is that the painting represents a rationalist critique of superstition and ignorance, particularly in religious matters: the witches' corozas are not only emblematic of the violence of the Spanish Inquisition (the upward flames indicate that they have been condemned as unrepentant heretics and will be burned at the stake),[6][d] but are also reminiscent of episcopal mitres, bearing the characteristic double points. The accusations of religious tribunals are thus reflected back on themselves, whose actions are implicitly equated with superstition and ritualized sacrifice.[8] The bystanders can then be understood either as appalled but unable to do anything or willfully ignorant and unwilling to intervene.[8][6][2]
The donkey, finally, is the traditional symbol of ignorance.[9]
See also
editFootnotes
edit- ^ The six paintings were Witches' Flight, The Spell, Witches' Sabbath, The Witches' Kitchen, The Devil's Lamp, and The Stone Guest.[1]
- ^ The English-language page for the painting instead identifies the hats as dunce caps.[4]
- ^ The Spanish-language page for the painting alternatively suggests that they are blowing air on their victim, as indicated by their swollen cheeks.[5]
- ^ The Spanish-language page for the painting instead identifies the markings as snakes.[7]
Notes
edit- ^ "Sotheby's to sell original receipt for Goya painting in Danny Boyle's art heist movie Trance". ArtDaily. 24 May 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
- ^ a b Hughes, Robert (2003). Goya. Harvill. ISBN 978-1-84343-054-4.
- ^
"Vuelo de brujas". Museo del Prado. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
"Sotheby's to sell original receipt". - ^ "The Witches' Flight". Museo del Prado. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
- ^ "Vuelo de brujas".
- ^ a b Curbet, Joan (November 9, 2002). "'Hallelujah to your dying screams of torture': representations of ritual violence in English and Spanish Romanticism". In Hormer, Avril (ed.). European Gothic: A Spirited Exchange, 1760-1790. Manchester University Press. pp. 168–169. ISBN 978-0-7190-6064-9.
- ^ "Vuelo de brujas".
- ^ a b Boime, Albert (1993). Art in an Age of Bonapartism: 1800-1815. University of Chicago Press. p. 258. ISBN 978-0-226-06335-5.
- ^ "Vuelo de brujas". Museo del Prado. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
References
edit- Boime, Albert (1993). Art in an Age of Bonapartism: 1800-1815. University of Chicago Press. p. 258. ISBN 978-0-226-06335-5.
- Curbet, Joan (November 9, 2002). "'Hallelujah to your dying screams of torture': representations of ritual violence in English and Spanish Romanticism". In Hormer, Avril (ed.). European Gothic: A Spirited Exchange, 1760-1790. Manchester University Press. pp. 167–170. ISBN 978-0-7190-6064-9.
- Hagen, Rose-Marie; Hagen, Rainer (2003). Francisco Goya, 1746-1828. Taschen. p. 36. ISBN 978-3-8228-1823-7.
- Hughes, Robert (2003). Goya. Harvill. ISBN 978-1-84343-054-4.
- Nash, Elizabeth (2001). Madrid: A Cultural and Literary Companion. Interlink Books. p. 113. ISBN 978-1-56656-368-0.
- "Sotheby's to sell original receipt for Goya painting in Danny Boyle's art heist movie Trance". ArtDaily. 24 May 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
- "The Witches' Flight". Museo del Prado. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
- "Vuelo de Brujas". Museo del Prado. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
External links
edit
Media related to El vuelo de brujos (Goya) at Wikimedia Commons
