Vrata Tunnel (Croatian: Tunel Vrata) is one of the shortest tunnels on the Croatian A6 motorway route. It is only 257 metres (843 ft) long and consists of two tunnel tubes. It is located between Oštrovica and Vrata interchanges. The tunnel is tolled within the A6 motorway closed toll collection system. There are no other toll plazas related to use of the tunnel. The tunnel was excavated by Viadukt using New Austrian Tunneling method. The tunnel was originally designed to be 325 metres (1,066 ft) long, but it was shortened due to the landslide on the western portal in the zone of contact between Paleozoic and carbonate layers.[1] The tunnel is noteworthy since it comprises a 58-metre (190 ft) bridge spanning a cavern found during excavation.[2][3]
  Location of Vrata Tunnel in Croatia | |
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 45°19′45″N 14°36′26″E / 45.329114°N 14.607267°E |
| Route map | |
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Tunnel bridge
editDuring construction, a 83-metre (272 ft) by 63-metre (207 ft) by 45-metre (148 ft) cavern was discovered intersecting the northbound tunnel tube 139 metres (456 ft) away from the eastern tunnel portal. The cavern is located 16 metres (52 ft) away from originally executed, southbound Vrata Tunnel tube and reaches to within 20 metres (66 ft) of the ground surface.[2] A 58-metre (190 ft) bridge was built over the cavern,[3] accounting for nearly one-quarter of the length of the tunnel. The surrounding rock was stabilized using geotechnical anchors to ensure safety before the bridge construction started. The deck of the bridge consists of reinforced concrete grillage supported by a pair of abutments and longitudinal reinforced concrete girders.[4][5][6] Since there is an intermittent watercourse through the cavern, the tunnel tube was sealed to protect the cavern and water flowing through it. This was achieved by construction of a concrete structure covering the bridge deck, hiding the cavern from the motorway users and giving them impression of driving through an unbroken tunnel tube.[2]
Traffic volume
editTraffic is regularly counted and reported by Autocesta Rijeka–Zagreb, operator of the A6 motorway and the tunnel, and published by Hrvatske ceste. Substantial variations between annual (AADT) and summer (ASDT) traffic volumes are attributed to the fact that the motorway carries substantial tourist traffic to Istria and Kvarner Gulf resorts. The traffic count is performed using analysis of toll ticket sales.[7]
| Vrata Tunnel traffic volume | ||||
| Road | Counting site | AADT | ASDT | Notes |
 A6
|
2915 Vrata west | 12,413 | 20,891 | Between Vrata and Oštrovica interchanges. |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Tunnel "Vrata" - Zagreb-Rijeka highway". Viadukt. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
- ^ a b c Damir Herceg (October 6, 2006). "Kroz špilju u tunelu Vrata gradit će se most!" [A bridge shall be built across a cavern in Vrata Tunnel] (PDF). Vjesnik (in Croatian). Retrieved October 12, 2010.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Jakov Prkić (March 13, 2009). "Utroba Biokova puna jama - na trasi Sv. Ilije dvije "bezdanke"" [Multitude of pits in Biokovo - two abysses found in Sveti Ilija Tunnel route]. Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). Retrieved October 12, 2010.
- ^ "Zaštita voda u funkciji održivog razvoja Autoceste Rijeka–Zagreb" [Water protection supporting sustainable development of Rijeka–Zagreb motorway] (PDF). HUKA Bulletin (in Croatian) (16). Croatian Association of Toll Motorways Concessionaires (HUKA): 4. March 2009. Retrieved October 18, 2010.
- ^ "Špilja u tunelu Vrata" [Vrata Tunnel cave] (PDF). HUKA Bulletin (in Croatian) (9). Croatian Association of Toll Motorways Concessionaires (HUKA): 5. December 2006. Retrieved October 18, 2010.
- ^ "Probijen i posljednji tunel autoceste Rijeka - Zagreb" [The last tunnel on Rijeka - Zagreb motorway excavated] (in Croatian). Nova TV. February 16, 2008. Retrieved October 18, 2010.
- ^ "Traffic counting on the roadways of Croatia in 2009 - digest" (PDF). Hrvatske Ceste. May 1, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 21, 2011. Retrieved October 5, 2010.