User:Y-S.Ko/Wikipedia course/Physics

Physics

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Wave

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Electromagnetics

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Particles

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Space and Earth

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Matter

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Mechanics

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Quantum mechanics

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Relativity

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Further Readings

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Physics

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Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett - Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics (2013)

Part 1: Mechanics

  • Introduction
  • Ch 1: Physics and Measurement
    • Introduction
    • 1.1 Standards of Length, Mass, and Time
    • 1.2 Matter and Model Building
    • 1.3 Dimensional Analysis
    • 1.4 Conversion of Units
    • 1.5 Estimates and Order-of-Magnitude Calculations
    • 1.6 Significant Figures
    • Summary
  • Ch 2: Motion in One Dimension
    • Introduction
    • 2.1 Position, Velocity, and Speed
    • 2.2 Instantaneous Velocity and Speed
    • 2.3 Analysis Model: Particle Under Constant Velocity
    • 2.4 Acceleration
    • 2.5 Motion Diagrams
    • 2.6 Analysis Model: Particle Under Constant Acceleration
    • 2.7 Freely Falling Objects
    • 2.8 Kinematic Equations Derived from Calculus
    • Summary
  • Ch 3: Vectors
    • Introduction
    • 3.1 Coordinate Systems
    • 3.2 Vector and Scalar Quantities
    • 3.3 Some Properties of Vectors
    • 3.4 Components of a Vector and Unit Vectors
    • Summary
  • Ch 4: Motion in Two Dimensions
    • Introduction
    • 4.1 The Position, Velocity, and Acceleration Vectors
    • 4.2 Two-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration
    • 4.3 Projectile Motion
    • 4.4 Analysis Model: Particlein Uniform Circular Motion
    • 4.5 Tangential and Radial Acceleration
    • 4.6 Relative Velocity and Relative Acceleration
    • Summary
  • Ch 5: The Laws of motion
  • Ch 6: Circular Motion and Other Applications of Newton’s Laws
    • Introduction
    • 6.1 Extending the Particle in Uniform Circular Motion Model
    • 6.2 Nonuniform Circular Motion
    • 6.3 Motion in Accelerated Frames
    • 6.4 Motion in the Presence of Resistive Forces
    • Summary
  • Ch 7: Energy of a System
    • Introduction
    • 7.1 Systems and Environments
    • 7.2 Work Done by a Constant Force
    • 7.3 The Scalar Product of Two Vectors
    • 7.5 Kinetic Energy and the Work–Kinetic Energy Theorem
    • 7.6 Potential Energy of a System
    • 7.7 Conservative and Nonconservative Forces
    • 7.8 Relationship Between Conservative Forces and Potential Energy
    • 7.9 Energy Diagrams and Equilibrium of a System
    • Summary
  • Ch 8: Conservation of Energy
    • Introduction
    • 8.1 Analysis Model: Nonisolated System (Energy)
    • 8.2 Analysis Model: Isolated System (Energy)
    • 8.3 Situations Involving Kinetic Friction
    • 8.4 Changes in Mechanical Energy for Nonconservative Forces
    • 8.5 Power
    • Summary
  • Ch 9: Linear Momentum and Collisions
    • Introduction
    • 9.1 Linear Momentum
    • 9.2 Analysis Model: Isolated System (Momentum)
    • 9.3 Analysis Model: Nonisolated System (Momentum)
    • 9.4 Collisions in One Dimension
    • 9.5 Collisions in Two Dimensions
    • 9.6 The Center of Mass
    • 9.7 Systems of Many Particles
    • 9.8 Deformable Systems
    • 9.9 Rocket Propulsion
    • Summary
  • Ch 10: Rotation of a Rigid Object About a Fixed Axis
    • Introduction
    • 10.1 Angular Position, Velocity, and Acceleration
    • 10.2 Analysis Model: Rigid Object Under Constant Angular Acceleration
    • 10.3 Angular and Translational Quantities
    • 10.4 Torque
    • 10.5 Analysis Model: Rigid Object Under a Net Torque
    • 10.6 Calculation of Moments of Inertia
    • 10.7 Rotational Kinetic Energy
    • 10.8 Energy Considerations in Rotational Motion
    • 10.9 Rolling Motion of a Rigid Object
    • Summary
  • Ch 11: Angular Momentum
    • Introduction
    • 11.1 The Vector Product and Torque
    • 11.2 Analysis Model: Nonisolated System (Angular Momentum)
    • 11.3 Angular Momentum of a Rotating Rigid Object
    • 11.4 Analysis Model: Isolated System (Angular Momentum)
    • 11.5 The Motion of Gyroscopes and Tops
    • Summary
  • Ch 12: Static Equilibrium and Elasticity
    • Introduction
    • 12.1 Analysis Model: Rigid Object in Equilibrium
    • 12.2 More on the Center of Gravity
    • 12.3 Examples of Rigid Objects in Static Equilibrium
    • 12.4 Elastic Properties of Solids
    • Summary
  • Ch 13: Universal Gravitation
    • Introduction
    • 13.1 Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
    • 13.2 Free-Fall Acceleration and the Gravitational Force
    • 13.3 Analysis Model: Particle in a Field (Gravitational)
    • 13.4 Kepler’s Laws and the Motion of Planets
    • 13.5 Gravitational Potential Energy
    • 13.6 Energy Considerations in Planetary and Satellite Motion
    • Summary
  • Ch 14: Fluid Mechanics
    • Introduction
    • 14.1 Pressure
    • 14.2 Variation of Pressure with Depth
    • 14.3 Pressure Measurements
    • 14.4 Buoyant Forces and Archimedes’s Principle
    • 14.5 Fluid Dynamics
    • 14.6 Bernoulli’s Equation
    • 14.7 Other Applications of Fluid Dynamics
    • Summary

Part 2: Oscillations and Mechanical Waves

  • Introduction
  • Ch 15: Oscillatory Motion
    • Introduction
    • 15.1 Motion of an Object Attached to a Spring
    • 15.2 Analysis Model: Particle in Simple Harmonic Motion
    • 15.3 Energy of the Simple Harmonic Oscillator
    • 15.4 Comparing Simple Harmonic Motion with Uniform Circular Motion
    • 15.5 The Pendulum
    • 15.6 Damped Oscillations
    • 15.7 Forced Oscillations
    • Summary
  • Ch 16: Wave Motion
    • Introduction
    • 16.1 Propagation of a Disturbance
    • 16.2 Analysis Model: Traveling Wave
    • 16.3 The Speed of Waves on Strings
    • 16.4 Reflection and Transmission
    • 16.5 Rate of Energy Transfer by Sinusoidal Waves on Strings
    • 16.6 The Linear Wave Equation
    • Summary
  • Ch 17: Sound Waves
    • Introduction
    • 17.1 Pressure Variations in Sound Waves
    • 17.2 Speed of Sound Waves
    • 17.3 Intensity of Periodic Sound Waves
    • 17.4 The Doppler Effect
    • Summary
  • Ch 18: Superposition and Standing waves
    • Introduction
    • 18.1 Analysis Model: Waves in Interference
    • 18.2 Standing Waves
    • 18.3 Analysis Model: Waves Under Boundary Conditions
    • 18.4 Resonance
    • 18.5 Standing Waves in Air Columns
    • 18.6 Standing Waves in Rods and Membranes
    • 18.7 Beats: Interference in Time
    • 18.8 Nonsinusoidal Wave Patterns
    • Summary

Part 3: Thermodynamics

  • Introduction
  • Ch 19: Temperature
    • Introduction
    • 19.1 Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
    • 19.2 Thermometers and the Celsius Temperature Scale
    • 19.3 The Constant-Volume Gas Thermometer and the Absolute Temperature Scale
    • 19.4 Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids
    • 19.5 Macroscopic Description of an Ideal Gas
    • Summary
  • Ch 20: The First Law of Thermodynamics
    • Introduction
    • 20.1 Heat and Internal Energy
    • 20.2 Specific Heat and Calorimetry
    • 20.3 Latent Heat
    • 20.4 Work and Heat in Thermodynamic Processes
    • 20.5 The First Law of Thermodynamics
    • 20.6 Some Applications of the First Law of Thermodynamics
    • 20.7 Energy Transfer Mechanisms in Thermal Processes
    • Summary
  • Ch 21: The Kinetic Theory of Gases
    • Introduction
    • 21.1 Molecular Model of an Ideal Gas
    • 21.2 Molar Specific Heat of an Ideal Gas
    • 21.3 The Equipartition of Energy
    • 21.4 Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas
    • 21.5 Distribution of Molecular Speeds
    • Summary
  • Ch 22: Heat Engines, Entropy, and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
    • Introduction
    • 22.1 Heat Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
    • 22.2 Heat Pumps and Refrigerators
    • 22.3 Reversible and Irreversible Processes
    • 22.4 The Carnot Engine
    • 22.5 Gasoline and Diesel Engines
    • 22.6 Entropy
    • 22.7 Changes in Entropy for Thermodynamic Systems
    • 22.8 Entropy and the Second Law
    • Summary

Part 4: Electricity and Magnetism

  • Introduction
  • Ch 23: Electric Fields
    • Introduction
    • 23.1 Properties of Electric Charges
    • 23.2 Charging Objects by Induction
    • 23.3 Coulomb’s Law
    • 23.4 Analysis Model: Particle in a Field (Electric)
    • 23.5 Electric Field of a Continuous Charge Distribution
    • 23.6 Electric Field Lines
    • 23.7 Motion of a Charged Particle in a Uniform Electric Field
    • Summary
  • Ch 24: Gauss’s Law
    • Introduction
    • 24.1 Electric Flux
    • 24.2 Gauss’s Law
    • 24.3 Application of Gauss’s Law to Various Charge Distributions
    • 24.4 Conductors in Electrostatic Equilibrium
    • Summary
  • Ch 25: Electric Potential
    • Introduction
    • 25.1 Electric Potential and Potential Difference
    • 25.2 Potential Difference in a Uniform Electric Field
    • 25.3 Electric Potential and Potential Energy Due to Point Charges
    • 25.4 Obtaining the Value of the Electric Field from the Electric Potential
    • 25.5 Electric Potential Due to Continuous Charge Distributions
    • 25.6 Electric Potential Due to a Charged Conductor
    • 25.7 The Millikan Oil-Drop Experiment
    • 25.8 Applications of Electrostatics
    • Summary
  • Ch 26: Capacitance and Dielectrics
    • Introduction
    • 26.1 Definition of Capacitance
    • 26.2 Calculating Capacitance
    • 26.3 Combinations of Capacitors
    • 26.4 Energy Stored in a Charged Capacitor
    • 26.5 Capacitors with Dielectrics
    • 26.6 Electric Dipole in an Electric Field
    • 26.7 An Atomic Description of Dielectrics
    • Summary
  • Ch 27: Current and Resistance
    • Introduction
    • 27.1 Electric Current
    • 27.2 Resistance
    • 27.3 A Model for Electrical Conduction
    • 27.4 Resistance and Temperature
    • 27.5 Superconductors
    • 27.6 Electrical Power
    • Summary
  • Ch 28: Direct-Current Circuits
    • Introduction
    • 28.1 Electromotive Force
    • 28.2 Resistors in Series and Parallel
    • 28.3 Kirchhoff’s Rules
    • 28.4 RC Circuits
    • 28.5 Household Wiring and Electrical Safety
    • Summary
  • Ch 29: Magnetic fields
    • Introduction
    • 29.1 Analysis Model: Particle in a Field (Magnetic)
    • 29.2 Motion of a Charged Particle in a Uniform Magnetic Field
    • 29.3 Applications Involving Charged Particles Moving in a Magnetic Field
    • 29.4 Magnetic Force Acting on a Current-Carrying Conductor
    • 29.5 Torque on a Current Loop in a Uniform Magnetic Field
    • 29.6 The Hall Effect
    • Summary
  • Ch 30: Sources of the Magnetic Field
    • Introduction
    • 30.1 The Biot–Savart Law
    • 30.2 The Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Conductors
    • 30.3 Ampère’s Law
    • 30.4 The Magnetic Field of a Solenoid
    • 30.5 Gauss’s Law in Magnetism
    • 30.6 Magnetism in Matter
    • Summary
  • Ch 31: Faraday’s Law
    • Introduction
    • 31.1 Faraday’s Law of Induction
    • 31.2 Motional emf
    • 31.3 Lenz’s Law
    • 31.4 Induced emf and Electric Fields
    • 31.5 Generators and Motors
    • 31.6 Eddy Currents
    • Summary
  • Ch 32: Inductance
    • Introduction
    • 32.1 Self-Induction and Inductance
    • 32.2 RL Circuits
    • 32.3 Energy in a Magnetic Field
    • 32.4 Mutual Inductance
    • 32.5 Oscillations in an LC Circuit
    • 32.6 The RLC Circuit
    • Summary
  • Ch 33: Alternating-Current Circuits
    • Introduction
    • 33.1 AC Sources
    • 33.2 Resistors in an AC Circuit
    • 33.3 Inductors in an AC Circuit
    • 33.4 Capacitors in an AC Circuit
    • 33.5 The RLC Series Circuit
    • 33.6 Power in an AC Circuit
    • 33.7 Resonance in a Series RLC Circuit
    • 33.8 The Transformer and Power Transmission
    • 33.9 Rectifiers and Filters
    • Summary
  • Ch 34: Electromagnetic waves
    • Introduction
    • 34.1 Displacement Current and the General Form of Ampère’s Law
    • 34.2 Maxwell’s Equations and Hertz’s Discoveries
    • 34.3 Plane Electromagnetic Waves
    • 34.4 Energy Carried by Electromagnetic Waves
    • 34.5 Momentum and Radiation Pressure
    • 34.6 Production of Electromagnetic Waves by an Antenna
    • 34.7 The Spectrum of Electromagnetic Waves
    • Summary

Part 5: Light and Optics

  • Introduction
  • Ch 35: The Nature of Light and the Principles of Ray Optics
    • Introduction
    • 35.1 The Nature of Light
    • 35.2 Measurements of the Speed of Light
    • 35.3 The Ray Approximation in Ray Optics
    • 35.4 Analysis Model: Wave Under Reflection
    • 35.5 Analysis Model: Wave Under Refraction
    • 35.6 Huygens’s Principle
    • 35.8 Total Internal Reflection
    • Summary
  • Ch 36: Image formation
    • Introduction
    • 36.1 Images Formed by Flat Mirrors
    • 36.2 Images Formed by Spherical Mirrors
    • 36.3 Images Formed by Refraction
    • 36.4 Images Formed by Thin Lenses
    • 36.5 Lens Aberrations
    • 36.6 The Camera
    • 36.7 The Eye
    • 36.8 The Simple Magnifier
    • 36.9 The Compound Microscope
    • 36.10 The Telescope
    • Summary
  • Ch 37: Wave Optics
    • Introduction
    • 37.1 Young’s Double-Slit Experiment
    • 37.2 Analysis Model: Waves in Interference
    • 37.3 Intensity Distribution of the Double-Slit Interference Pattern
    • 37.4 Change of Phase Due to Reflection
    • 37.5 Interference in Thin Films
    • 37.6 The Michelson Interferometer
    • Summary
  • Ch 38: Diffraction Patterns and Polarization
    • Introduction
    • 38.1 Introduction to Diffraction Patterns
    • 38.2 Diffraction Patterns from Narrow Slits
    • 38.3 Resolution of Single-Slit and Circular Apertures
    • 38.4 The Diffraction Grating
    • 38.5 Diffraction of X-Rays by Crystals
    • 38.6 Polarization of Light Waves
    • Summary

Part 6: Modern Physics

  • Introduction
  • Ch 39: Relativity
    • Introduction
    • 39.1 The Principle of Galilean Relativity
    • 39.2 The Michelson–Morley Experiment
    • 39.3 Einstein’s Principle of Relativity
    • 39.4 Consequences of the Special Theory of Relativity
    • 39.5 The Lorentz Transformation Equations
    • 39.6 The Lorentz Velocity Transformation Equations
    • 39.7 Relativistic Linear Momentum
    • 39.8 Relativistic Energy
    • 39.9 The General Theory of Relativity
    • Summary
  • Ch 40: Introduction to Quantum physics
    • Introduction
    • 40.1 Blackbody Radiation and Planck’s Hypothesis
    • 40.2 The Photoelectric Effect
    • 40.3 The Compton Effect
    • 40.4 The Nature of Electromagnetic Waves
    • 40.5 The Wave Properties of Particles
    • 40.6 A New Model: The Quantum Particle
    • 40.7 The Double-Slit Experiment Revisited
    • 40.8 The Uncertainty Principle
    • Summary
  • Ch 41: Quantum mechanics
    • Introduction
    • 41.1 The Wave Function
    • 41.2 Analysis Model: Quantum Particle Under Boundary Conditions
    • 41.3 The Schrödinger Equation
    • 41.4 A Particle in a Well of Finite Height
    • 41.5 Tunneling Through a Potential Energy Barrier
    • 41.6 Applications of Tunneling
    • 41.7 The Simple Harmonic Oscillator
    • Summary
  • Ch 42: Atomic physics
    • Introduction
    • 42.1 Atomic Spectra of Gases
    • 42.2 Early Models of the Atom
    • 42.3 Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
    • 42.4 The Quantum Model of the Hydrogen Atom
    • 42.5 The Wave Functions for Hydrogen
    • 42.6 Physical Interpretation of the Quantum Numbers
    • 42.7 The Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table
    • 42.8 More on Atomic Spectra: Visible and X-Ray
    • 42.9 Spontaneous and Stimulated Transitions
    • 42.10 Lasers
    • Summary
  • Ch 43: Molecules and Solids
    • Introduction
    • 43.1 Molecular Bonds
    • 43.2 Energy States and Spectra of Molecules
    • 43.3 Bonding in Solids
    • 43.4 Free-Electron Theory of Metals
    • 43.5 Band Theory of Solids
    • 43.6 Electrical Conduction in Metals, Insulators, and Semiconductors
    • 43.7 Semiconductor Devices
    • 43.8 Superconductivity
    • Summary
  • Ch 44: Nuclear structure
    • Introduction
    • 44.1 Some Properties of Nuclei
    • 44.2 Nuclear Binding Energy
    • 44.3 Nuclear Models
    • 44.4 Radioactivity
    • 44.5 The Decay Processes
    • 44.6 Natural Radioactivity
    • 44.7 Nuclear Reactions
    • 44.8 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    • Summary
  • Ch 45: Applications of Nuclear physics
    • Introduction
    • 45.1 Interactions Involving Neutrons
    • 45.2 Nuclear Fission
    • 45.3 Nuclear Reactors
    • 45.4 Nuclear Fusion
    • 45.5 Radiation Damage
    • 45.6 Uses of Radiation
    • Summary
  • Ch 46: Particle physics and Cosmology
    • Introduction
    • 46.1 The Fundamental Forces in Nature
    • 46.2 Positrons and Other Antiparticles
    • 46.3 Mesons and the Beginning of Particle Physics
    • 46.4 Classification of Particles
    • 46.5 Conservation Laws
    • 46.6 Strange Particles and Strangeness
    • 46.7 Finding Patterns in the Particles
    • 46.8 Quarks
    • 46.9 Multicolored Quarks
    • 46.10 The Standard Model
    • 46.11 The Cosmic Connection
    • 46.12 Problems and Perspectives
    • Summary

See also

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