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User:Wolverine X-eye/List of manids

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Conventions

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IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (0 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically Endangered (0 species)
 EN Endangered (1 species)
 VU Vulnerable (0 species)
 NT Near threatened (0 species)
 LC Least concern (0 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (0 species)
 NE Not evaluated (0 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided where possible; if unavailable, a description of the species will instead be provided. All extinct species and subspecies listed alongside extant species are indicated by dagger symbol "†". Population figures are rounded to the nearest hundred.

Classification

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The family Manidae is composed of eight extant species belonging to three genera in three subfamilies and divided into dozens of extant subspecies. This does not include extinct species or hybrid animals.

Phylogenetic position of family Manidae within superfamily Manoidea.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

 Pholidotamorpha 
southern Asian clade
northern Asian clade
African clade
 (Pholidota sensu lato) 

Manids

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Subfamily Maninae

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Main article: Maninae
Genus Manis – Linnaeus, 1758 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Indian pangolin

 

M. crassicaudata
E. Geoffroy, 1803 		Indian subcontinent (current range in blue)
  		Size: 148 cm (58 in) long, with a 42.5 cm (16.7 in) long tongue
and a weight of 10–20 kg (22–44 lb)[7]

Habitat: Savanna, forest, grassland and shrubland[7]

Diet: Omnivorous; eats vegetation, roots, buds, fruit, nuts, insects, fish, mammals, and carrion[8] 		 EN 


unknown[7]  [7]

Chinese pangolin

 

M. pentadactyla
Cuvier, 1823

Seven subspecies
 Southeast Asia (current range in green)
  		Size: 120–180 cm (47–71 in) long, plus 6–11 cm (2–4 in) tail
65–150 kg (143–331 lb)[9]

Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, grassland, and shrubland[10]

Diet: Eats vegetation, insects, fruit, nuts, ungulates, and livestock[10] 		 VU 


50,000[11]  [10]

Philippine pangolin

 

M. culionensis
Linnaeus, 1758

Sixteen subspecies
 Southeast Asia (extant range in brown)
  		Size: 100–280 cm (39–110 in) long, plus 6–20 cm (2–8 in) tail
80–550 kg (176–1,213 lb)[12]

Habitat: Desert, forest, inland wetlands, grassland, and shrubland[13]

Diet: Omnivorous; eats grasses, herbs, roots, berries, nuts, insects, mammals, and fish[13] 		 LC 


110,000  [13]

Sunda pangolin

 

M. javanica
Mulgrave, 1774 		Southeast Asia (extant range in green)
  		Size: 220–244 cm (87–96 in) long, plus 7–13 cm (3–5 in) tail
408–726 kg (900–1,600 lb)[14]

Habitat: Marine oceanic, shrubland, forest, grassland, marine coastal/supratidal, and marine intertidal[15]

Diet: Primarily eats seals, as well as walruses, beluga whales, birds, fish, vegetation and kelp[15] 		 VU 


23,000[16]  [15]

Subfamily Phatagininae

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Main article: Phatagininae
Genus Catopuma – Severtzov, 1858 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
Long-tailed pangolin

 

P. tetradactyla
(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)

Two subspecies
  • C. t. moormensis
  • C. t. temminckii
Central and West Africa (range in brown)
  		Size: 71–105 cm (28–41 in) long, 40–56 cm (16–22 in) tail[17]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, grassland, and shrubland[18]

Diet: Mostly unknown, with evidence of rodents, squirrels, and snakes[18] 		 NT 


Unknown  [18]

Tree pangolin

 

P. tricuspis
(Gray, 1874) 		Large parts of Central and West Africa
  		Size: 53–67 cm (21–26 in) long, 32–40 cm (13–16 in) tail[19]

Habitat: Forest[20]

Diet: Unknown[20] 		 EN 


2,200  [20]

Subfamily Smutsiinae

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Main article: Smutsiinae
Genus Catopuma – Severtzov, 1858 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
Giant pangolin

 

S. gigantea
(Vigors & Horsfield, 1827)

Two subspecies
  • C. t. moormensis
  • C. t. temminckii
Areas across Central and East Africa
  		Size: 71–105 cm (28–41 in) long, 40–56 cm (16–22 in) tail[17]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, grassland, and shrubland[18]

Diet: Mostly unknown, with evidence of rodents, squirrels, and snakes[18] 		 NT 


Unknown  [18]

Ground pangolin

 

S. temminckii
(Gray, 1874) 		Large areas across Southern, East and North Africa
  		Size: 53–67 cm (21–26 in) long, 32–40 cm (13–16 in) tail[19]

Habitat: Forest[20]

Diet: Unknown[20] 		 EN 


2,200  [20]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Gaudin, Timothy (2009). "The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis" (PDF). Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 16 (4). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Science+Business Media: 235–305. doi:10.1007/s10914-009-9119-9. S2CID 1773698. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-25. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
  2. ^ Kondrashov, Peter; Agadjanian, Alexandre K. (2012). "A nearly complete skeleton of Ernanodon (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from Mongolia: morphofunctional analysis". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (5): 983–1001. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.694319. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 86059673.
  3. ^ Du Toit, Z.; Grobler, J. P.; Kotzé, A.; Jansen, R.; Brettschneider, H.; Dalton, D. L. (2014). "The complete mitochondrial genome of Temminck's ground pangolin (Smutsia temminckii; Smuts, 1832) and phylogenetic position of the Pholidota (Weber, 1904)". Gene. 551 (1): 49–54. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2014.08.040. PMID 25158133.
  4. ^ du Toit, Z.; du Plessis, M.; Dalton, D. L.; Jansen, R.; Paul Grobler, J.; Kotzé, A. (2017). "Mitochondrial genomes of African pangolins and insights into evolutionary patterns and phylogeny of the family Manidae". BMC Genomics. 18 (1): 746. doi:10.1186/s12864-017-4140-5. PMC 5609056. PMID 28934931.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Gaubert2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Heighton2023 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ a b c d Mahmood, T.; Challender, D.; Khatiwada, A.; Andleeb, S.; Perera, P.; Trageser, S.; Ghose, A.; Mohapatra, R.K. (2019). "Manis crassicaudata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T12761A123583998. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T12761A123583998.en. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference IUCNAmericanblackbear was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference ADWAsianblackbear was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference IUCNAsianblackbear was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference Bearpop was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference Brownbearsize was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference IUCNBrownbear was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference Polarbearsize was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference IUCNPolarbear was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference Polarbearpop was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference SizeAsiangoldencat was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ a b c d e f Cite error: The named reference IUCNAsiangoldencat was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference SizeBaycat was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ a b c d e f Cite error: The named reference IUCNBaycat was invoked but never defined (see the help page).


Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

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