 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2023) |
Daniil Kholmsky | |
|---|---|
| Knyaz | |
 Daniil Kholmsky as depicted on the Millennium of Russia monument | |
| Prince of Kholm | |
| Predecessor | Dmitri Kholmsky |
| Successor | Vasily Kholmsky |
| Other titles | Voyevoda, boyar |
| Born | 15th Century Kholm |
| Died | 1493 |
| Wars and battles | Russo-Kazan Wars, Battle of Shelon |
| Noble family | Kholmsky |
| Issue Detail | |
| Father | Dmitri Yurievich |
Daniil Dmitrievich (Russian Даниил Дмитриевич Холмский; d. 1493) was a Russian knyaz, boyar and voyevoda, and one of the most prominent military leaders of Ivan the Great. He belonged to the princely house Kholmsky and was the father of another voyevoda and boyar, Vasily Danilovich Kholmsky, who later married a daughter of Ivan the Great, Feodosia Ivanovna.[1]: 115
Biography
editDaniil was the son of the knyaz Dmitry Yurievich Kholmsky and a relative of Grand Prince Mikhail III of Tver. In the late 1460s, he entered the service of Grand Prince Ivan III, becoming the first of a number of "influential Tverian defectors" to Moscow prior its eventual conquest and annexation in 1485. He was immediately granted "some choice [of] military assignments," serving as a voyevoda on the Kazan campaign of 1469.[1]: 53 [2]: 275
He became famous after his brilliant victory over Kazan tatars near Murom in 1468, where he was successful with an unexpected strike from the besieged city. However, since the Tatar assaults on Russian borders continued, the Muscovite army started a campaign against Kazan. Daniil was the commander of the avant-garde troops and defeated khan Ibrahim, forcing him to sign a peace treaty with Ivan III. The treaty obliged the khanate to return all the Russian captives and to establish a friendly relationship with Moscow.
In 1471, Daniil Kholmsky joined Ivan III's military campaign against Novgorod, leading the vanguard along with boyar Fedor Davidovich.[3]: 211-215 After achieving two minor victories near Korostyn and Staraya Russa, he soundly defeated the Novgorodians in the battle of Shelon which had a decisive impact on the power balance between the two sides and paved the way for the future annexation of Novgorod.
In the summer 1472, Kholmsky led an army against the Tatar forces of Akhmat Khan of the Great Horde who captured and destroyed the town of Alexin. The Khan didn't risk fighting Kholmsky and returned to the steppes. The next year, Kholmsky assisted the allied city of Pskov, which was being besieged by Livonian knights. Due to courageous and clever action, Kholmsky could enforce a peace treaty which obliged to Livonians to leave the lands of Pskov and to grant Russian merchants free trade rights in the Baltic. This treaty was later called Daniil's peace by the chronists. For this, Ivan III gave Daniil the boyar title.
Soon, Kholmsky was confronted with false accusations of intended treason by begrudging boyars. It was the support of the clergy and the surety of 2000 rubles by eight Muscovite nobles that helped Kholmsky to regain the confidence of the Grand Prince.
During the second campaign of Ivan III against Novgorod in the autumn of 1477, Daniil led the main Muscovite army over the ice of the Ilmen lake. In the course of one night, he managed to encircle Novgorod and forced the city to surrender to Ivan III.
In October and November 1480 Daniil Kholmsky took part in the famous Great Standing on the Ugra River where he was the one of the commanders of the Russian forces and organized the fortifications. With his efforts, Kholmsky substantially contributed to the final overthrowing of the Tatar rule over Russia.
In 1487, Kholmsky once again led a Muscovite army against Kazan and captured the besieged city on July 9. The result of this event was the deposition of Ivan III's adversary and his replacement by the Moscow-friendly Möxämmädämin.
In 1492 knyaz Kholmsky took part in the war against Lithuania and helped Upper Oka Principalities to protect their independence from Alexander Jagiellon. Kholmsky died in 1493.
Family
editDaniil married one of the daughters of Ivan Ivanovich Vsevolozhkii,[1]: 41 producing two children:
- Vasily Danilovich (1460s – 1524)
- [[
References
edit- ^ a b c Alef, Gustave (1983). Rulers and Nobles in Fifteenth-Century Muscovy. London: Variorum Reprints. ISBN 0-86078-120-8. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
- ^ Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles. Vol. 5. St. Petersburg. 1853.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ The Chronicle of Novgorod, 1016-1417. Camden Third Series. Vol. 25. Robert Michell, Nevill Forbes (trans.). London: Royal Historical Society. 1914. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
External links
edit- Knyaz Kholmsky, Н.С. Борисов "Русские полководцы XIII-XVI веков"
Category:1493 deaths
Category:Russian nobility
Category:Russian military leaders
Category:Place of birth missing
Category:Year of birth unknown