Overall I really enjoyed reading this article however it could use some changes.
- The title "Research on unspecified or multiple types of meditation" is a little unclear.
- The article includes many sources that are more that 5 years old. Medical sources need to be no more than 5 years old.
- The pain subsection could use more information.
- The effects of mindfulness and meditation has sections with more information than others. It could use more information in the insomnia and sleep, and future directions section.
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editEffects of Meditation
editThe psychological and physiological effects of meditation have been studied. In recent years, studies of meditation have increasingly involved the use of modern instruments, such as fMRI and EEG, which are able to observe brain physiology and neural activity in living subjects, either during the act of meditation itself or before and after meditation. Correlations can thus be established between meditative practices and brain structure or function.[1]
Methodological obstacles
editNumerous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of a variety of meditation practices. It has been unclear to what extent these practices share neural correlates. Interestingly, a recent study compared electroencephalogram activity during a focused-attention and open monitoring meditation practice from practitioners of two Buddhist traditions. The researchers found that the differences between the two meditation traditions were more pronounced than the differences between the two types of meditation. These data are consistent with our findings that theoretical orientation of how a practice is taught strongly influences neural activity during these practices. However, the study used long-term practitioners from different cultures, which may have confounded the results.[2]
Executive control attention
edit
A neuroimaging study supports behavioural research findings that higher levels of mindfulness are associated with greater proficiency to inhibit distracting information. As greater activation of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was shown for mindfulness meditators than matched controls.[3]
Emotional regulation and mindfulness
editReductions in rumination also have been found following mindfulness meditation practice, contributing to the development of positive thinking and emotional well-being. [4]
Brain activity
edit
In addition, both meditation and yoga have been found to have impacts on the brain, specifically the caudate. [5] Strengthening of the caudate is been shown in meditators as well as yogis. The increased connectedness of the caudate has potential to be responsible for the improved well-being that is associated with yoga and meditation.[6]
Attention/Mind Wandering
editMeditation has been found to decrease mind wandering and allows the brain to fully focus on challenging tasks for longer periods of time without getting distracted. [7]
Perception
editBrown points to this as a possible explanation of the phenomenon: "[the higher rate of detection of single light flashes] involves quieting some of the higher mental processes which normally obstruct the perception of subtle events."[8] In other words, the practice may temporarily or permanently alter some of the top-down processing involved in filtering subtle events usually deemed noise by the perceptual filters.[9]
Memory
editMeditation enhances memory capacity specifically in the working memory and increases executive functioning by helping participants better understand what is happening moment for moment. [10] [11]
Heartfulness Meditation
editHeartfulness meditation is a heart centered meditation practice. [12] The idea behind heartfulness meditation is to connect to ourselves and create an experience that brings us a sense of peace and calm. This process often includes sitting quietly and tuning into your heart. When your mind wanders you are to bring your focus back to tuning into your heart. [13] Research on heartfulness meditation has shown to improve sleep quality[14], decreased burnout[15], and reduce stress[16]
Difficulties in the scientific study of meditation
editThis should be moved to the end of the article rather than the beginning for organizational purposes.
Pain
editOne study attributes this to the alteration of the perception of pain as a result of meditation.[17]
References
edit- ^ Rahimian, Sepehrdad (2021-08-30). "Commentary: Content-Free Awareness: EEG-fcMRI Correlates of Consciousness as Such in an Expert Meditator". doi:10.31234/osf.io/6q5b2.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Deolindo, Camila Sardeto; Ribeiro, Mauricio Watanabe; Aratanha, Maria Adelia; Afonso, Rui Ferreira; Irrmischer, Mona; Kozasa, Elisa Harumi (2020-08-07). "A Critical Analysis on Characterizing the Meditation Experience Through the Electroencephalogram". Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience. 14. doi:10.3389/fnsys.2020.00053. ISSN 1662-5137.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Marchand, William R (2014-07-28). "Neural mechanisms of mindfulness and meditation: Evidence from neuroimaging studies". World Journal of Radiology. 6 (7): 471–479. doi:10.4329/wjr.v6.i7.471. ISSN 1949-8470. PMC 4109098. PMID 25071887.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Wolkin, Jennifer R (2015-06-29). "Cultivating multiple aspects of attention through mindfulness meditation accounts for psychological well-being through decreased rumination". Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 8: 171–180. doi:10.2147/PRBM.S31458. ISSN 1179-1578. PMC 4492627. PMID 26170728.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b Gard, Tim; Taquet, Maxime; Dixit, Rohan; Hölzel, Britta K.; Dickerson, Bradford C.; Lazar, Sara W. (2015). "Greater widespread functional connectivity of the caudate in older adults who practice kripalu yoga and vipassana meditation than in controls". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 0. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00137. ISSN 1662-5161.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Gard, Tim; Taquet, Maxime; Dixit, Rohan; Hölzel, Britta K.; Dickerson, Bradford C.; Lazar, Sara W. (2015-03-16). "Greater widespread functional connectivity of the caudate in older adults who practice kripalu yoga and vipassana meditation than in controls". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 9: 137. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00137. ISSN 1662-5161. PMC 4360708. PMID 25852521.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Rahl, Hayley A.; Lindsay, Emily K.; Pacilio, Laura E.; Brown, Kirk W.; Creswell, J. David (2017-3). "Brief Mindfulness Meditation Training Reduces Mind-Wandering: The Critical Role of Acceptance". Emotion (Washington, D.C.). 17 (2): 224–230. doi:10.1037/emo0000250. ISSN 1528-3542. PMC 5329004. PMID 27819445.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Brown, Daniel; Forte, Michael; Dysart, Michael (1984-06). "Visual Sensitivity and Mindfulness Meditation". Perceptual and Motor Skills. 58 (3): 775–784. doi:10.2466/pms.1984.58.3.775. ISSN 0031-5125.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Brown, Daniel; Forte, Michael; Dysart, Michael (1984-06). "Visual Sensitivity and Mindfulness Meditation". Perceptual and Motor Skills. 58 (3): 775–784. doi:10.2466/pms.1984.58.3.775. ISSN 0031-5125.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Mindfulness meditation practice and executive functioning: Breaking down the benefit". Consciousness and Cognition. 40: 116–130. 2016-02-01. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2016.01.005. ISSN 1053-8100.
- ^ Bailey, N. W.; Freedman, G.; Raj, K.; Spierings, K. N.; Piccoli, L. R.; Sullivan, C. M.; Chung, S. W.; Hill, A. T.; Rogasch, N. C.; Fitzgerald, P. B. (2019-10-16). "Mindfulness meditators show enhanced working memory performance concurrent with different brain region engagement patterns during recall". bioRxiv: 801746. doi:10.1101/801746.
- ^ "About Us | Heartfulness Meditation | The 4 Masters". Heartfulness US. Retrieved 2021-10-24.
- ^ "Experience Heartfulness through Meditation Sessions". Heartfulness US. Retrieved 2021-10-24.
- ^ Holloway, Emily (2012). "Improving Sleep Quality among College Students through Mindfulness Meditation". PsycEXTRA Dataset. Retrieved 2021-10-10.
- ^ Thimmapuram, Jayaram; Pargament, Robert; Sibliss, Kedesha; Grim, Rodney; Risques, Rosana; Toorens, Erik (2017-03-31). "Effect of heartfulness meditation on burnout, emotional wellness, and telomere length in health care professionals". Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives. 7 (1): 21–27. doi:10.1080/20009666.2016.1270806. ISSN 2000-9666. PMC 5463663. PMID 28634520.
- ^ Gee, Jeanie (2018-05-01). "Mindfulness Meditation and the Reduction of Stress in Nursing Students". dx.doi.org. Retrieved 2021-10-10.
- ^ Zeidan, Fadel; Vago, David R. (2016-06). "Mindfulness meditation-based pain relief: a mechanistic account". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1373 (1): 114–127. doi:10.1111/nyas.13153. ISSN 0077-8923.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)
INSTRUCTOR FEEDBACK:
What additional, and more substantive, edits do you plan to make? Do you have citations you plan to include? (LIZ)