Wikipedia

User:Lacunae/32

< User:Lacunae

List of sudden stratospheric warmings The discovery of the sudden stratospheric warming is credited to Scherhag [1952], who noted a sudden increase in the radiosonde 10-mbar temperature over Berlin on January 30, 1952. However, the extent of the warming phenomena was unknown until the late 1950's, when a sudden stratospheric warming took place over the American radiosonde network in January 1957. This event allowed Teweles [1958], Craig and Heting [1959], and Lowenthal [1957] to make a partial synoptic analysis of the development of the sudden Warming. Another warming occurred in 1958 during the first IGY, so upper air data from the USSR could be used to complete a synoptic picture.[1]


In the most extreme cases, the stratospheric polar vortex can reverse direction completely in an event called a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). SSWs in the NH occur roughly six times per decade (Charlton and Polvani, 2007). SSWs can also occur in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), as in a remarkable case in September 2002 (Kruger et al., 2005), but are rare due to smaller planetary wave amplitudes in the SH (van Loon et al., 1973).[2]

Major SSWs occur when the winter polar stratospheric westerlies reverse to easterlies. In minor warmings, the polar temperature gradient reverses but the circulation does not, and in final warmings, the vortex breaks down and remains easterly until the following boreal autumn. No unambiguous standard definition for major, minor, and final warmings yet exists (Butler et al., 2015),

There are two main types of SSW: displacement events in which the stratospheric polar vortex is displaced from the pole and split events in which the vortex splits into two or more vortices. Some SSWs are a combination of both types.[2]

Wibble

edit

Southern Hemisphere

edit

10.1002/qj.3193 2002, 2019, https://twitter.com/LondonSnowWatch/status/1164957935782547456 only 2 events noted in 40 years of satellite era. SH SSW modelled as a 4% chance annually of occurring.https://twitter.com/clarenasir/status/1172394854824857601

Table

edit
List of SSW events
Winter Type Notes Refs
1952
1957/8 Splitting January 1958 [3]
1959/60 displacement January 1960 [3]
1962/3 splitting January 1963 [3]
1 April 1965 [4]
1965/6 displacement December 1965 [3]
1965/6 splitting February 1966 [3]
1967/8 splitting January 1968 [3]
1968/9 displacement November 1968 [3]
1969/70 displacement January 1970 [3]
1970/1 splitting January 1971 [3]
1970/1 displacement March 1971 [3]
1972/3 splitting January 1972 [3]
1976/7 splitting January 1977 [3]
1978/9 splitting February 1979 [3]
1978/9 [5]
1979/80 displacement February 1980 [3]
1980/1 displacement March 1981 [3]
1981/2 displacement December 1981 [3]
1983/4 displacement February 1984 [3]
1984/5 splitting January 1985 [3]
1986/7 Displacement January 1987 [3]
1987/8 splitting December 1987 [3]
1987/8 Splitting March 1988 [3]
1988/9 splitting february 1989 [3]
1998/9 displaced December 1998 [3]
1998/9 splitting February 1999 [3]
1999/2000 displaced March 2000 [3]
2000/1 Splitting February 2001 [3]
2003/4 Major January [6]
2005/6 Major January [6]
2006/7 Major February [6]
2007/8 minor, minor, unknown, major Jan-Feb 2008, 4 events SSWs in 2008-2009 were among the most intense events in the

Northern Hemisphere since 1978. major event february

[7]
2008/9 Major January 2009, stratospheric temperature reached record-breaking values, [7]
2009/10 minor (major Kutti) January 2010 Winter of 2009–10 in Europe [8] [7]
2010/11 minor January [7]
2012/3 Jan 2013 [9]
2018 Major abrupt split 12 Feb 2018 [10]
2018-19 December 2018 [11]
displacement then split. 2 January 2018 [12]

Media reports of a over a possible SSW event beginning in early 2014[13] and a NOAA climate.gov blog post in early January 2014 originally attributed the breakdown of the polar vortex to a Sudden stratospheric warming event, which did not actually develop.[14] The 2013–14 North American cold wave could not be linked to sudden stratospheric warming as had been the case in other harsh recent winters in the northern hemisphere such as during 2009-10 (Winter of 2009–10 in Europe),[15]

Other

edit

http://vejr.tv2.dk/2018-02-22-specielt-atmosfaerisk-faenomen-sender-isnende-kulde-mod-danmark http://www.knmi.nl/over-het-knmi/nieuws/koude-week-door-verzwakte-poolwervel

See also

edit

STRATOSPHERIC WARMINGS]

References

edit

Natural hazards in the UK

edit

a Large Icelandic effusive eruption was ranked in the top three hazards to the UK putting it on a par with pandemic influenza and coastal flooding.[16]

National Risk Register Influenza pandemic

  1. ^ Schoeberl, Mark R. (November 1978). "Stratospheric warmings: Observations and theory". Reviews of Geophysics. 16 (4): 521–538. doi:10.1029/RG016i004p00521. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  2. ^ a b Butler, Amy H.; Sjoberg, Jeremiah P.; Seidel, Dian J.; Rosenlof, Karen H. (9 February 2017). "A sudden stratospheric warming compendium". Earth System Science Data. 9 (1): 63–76. doi:10.5194/essd-9-63-2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Martius, O.; Polvani, L. M.; Davies, H. C. (18 July 2009). "Blocking precursors to stratospheric sudden warming events". Geophysical Research Letters. 36 (14). doi:10.1029/2009GL038776. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  4. ^ Bancalá, S.; Krüger, K.; Giorgetta, M. (16 February 2012). "The preconditioning of major sudden stratospheric warmings". Journal of Geophysical Research. 117 (D4). doi:10.1029/2011JD016769.
  5. ^ Charlton, Andrew J.; Polvani, Lorenzo M. (2007). "A new look at stratospheric sudden warmings. Part I: Climatology and modeling benchmarks" (PDF). Journal of Climate. 20 (3). Retrieved 6 December 2014.
  6. ^ a b c Kuttippurath, J.; Nikulin, G. (10 September 2012). "A comparative study of the major sudden stratospheric warmings in the Arctic winters 2003/2004–2009/2010". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 12 (17): 8115–8129. doi:10.5194/acp-12-8115-2012. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  7. ^ a b c d http://www.geophysica.fi/pdf/geophysica_2012_48_1-2_091_medvedeva.pdf. Retrieved 22 January 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  8. ^ "'High-top' forecasting predicts cold winters more accurately". Environmental Research Web. 13 September 2012. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
  9. ^ Slingo, Julia (April 2013). "Why was the start to spring 2013 so cold?" (PDF). Met Office. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
  10. ^ "GMAO - Global Modeling and Assimilation Office Research Site". gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov. 22 February 2018. Retrieved 1 September 2018.
  11. ^ "Is there another 'Beast from the East' on the way?". Official blog of the Met Office news team. Met Office. 3 January 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  12. ^ Butler, Amy H.; Lawrence, Zachary D.; Lee, Simon H.; Lillo, Samuel P.; Long, Craig S. (14 August 2020). "Differences between the 2018 and 2019 stratospheric polar vortex split events". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society: qj.3858. doi:10.1002/qj.3858.
  13. ^ Grow, Rick (31 December 2013). "Sudden stratospheric warming: could it lead to a very cold January in D.C.?". Washington Post: Capital Weather Gang. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  14. ^ Kennedy, Caitlyn (8 January 2014). "Wobbly polar vortex triggers extreme cold air outbreak". NOAA climate.gov. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
  15. ^ "'High-top' forecasting predicts cold winters more accurately". Environmental Research Web. 13 September 2012. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
  16. ^ "UK hazards from a large Icelandic effusive eruption". Met Office. 4 January 2016. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiki.x.io/w/index.php?title=User:Lacunae/32&oldid=973473792"