Academic clique in Korea
editIn addition to academic background(학력;學歷), academic clique(학벌;學閥) forms implicit status or power within a particular profession or company or group of people from a particular school. And a term referring to a group that is used to maintain its position or to expand its power.
The university academic level ranked in Korean society is truly a sign that determines the social status of a human being. For example, a graduate from SKY University (Seoul National University, Korea University, Yonsei University) is the same as the modern noble status.[1]
Outline
editIn short, it is called academic clique or a phenomenon in which those with the same origin or educational background form an exclusive group in a company or group. Those from prestigious universities account for more than half of their senior officials. [2]This is also a realistic reason why many students choose to repeat the university entrance exam or transfer. Many people criticize the fact that job hunting activities based on academic background, discrimination in the workplace, and the phenomenon of treating people differently depending on the university of origin cause blind competition and creativity[3] among parents and teenagers. There is also a negative aspect in Korean society because it is not possible to use various talented individuals who are intelligent, wise and talented only because of their academic background.[4]
In the case of a company, it is usually dependent on the relationship between the founder's hometown or the owner's university or affiliated bank or related companies. The same goes for civil servants and police.[5]
The substance of education
editIt was diagnosed that the results of prestigious college entrance exam, which differ markedly by region and high school, were due to 'decoration method' such as private education, going to a special high school with high tuition fees, 3-7 times higher than that of general high schools, and moving to a neighborhood with high house prices. This is not the student's original ability, "real human capital," but the result of evaluating "appearance human capital" backed by his parents' economic power.[6] Critics point out that "our education and admission system does not identify real talent" and that "if you are not rich, you are at a disadvantage in college entrance." In the case of the Korea Economic Research Institute(KERI, 한국경제연구원), the system of hiring human resources based on academic background through short, simple and mixed knowledge is inefficient, and this is not correlated with absolutely good effects on the company's work and work efficiency, according to the paper.[7]
It is a multiple-choice question that should be eliminated before ranking in Korean education. Multiple choice requires blind memorization, forcing and taming the dichotomous thinking of O/X, withholding creative answers, blocking teachers' autonomy as well, unifying everyone and making the world invisible from various angles. Multiple choice makes it easier to look at the world on one side.[8][9]
Spoon class theory
editThe biggest reason why Korean society is called Hell-Joseon lies in the spoon class theory. Gold and silver spoon inherit wealth through inheritance and spend a huge amount of money on private education to go to a prestigious university. Gold and silver spoons monopolize good jobs after graduating from college, and continue their status through peer-to-peer breeding. Their wealth and status are carried back to the next generation.[10][11]
Recognition in Korea
editMJ Flex conducted a survey of design-related workers from May 19 to the end of 2011, asking, "What factors do you think are most unfavorable to employment and transfer?" A total of 320 people participated in the vote, which consisted of seven categories: appearance, academic background, networking, language skills, work ability, economic anxiety, and qualification, with a total of 24.4% of the total votes (52 new recruits, 26 experienced people) ranked first, citing academic background as the most unfavorable factors. 2nd place was work ability (total of 57 people-36 new recruits, 21 experienced people 17.8%), 3rd place was economic anxiety (total of 38 people-16 new recruits, 22 experienced people 11.9%), contacts (total of 35 people-18 new recruits, 17 experienced people 10.9%), language proficiency (total of 26 people-13 new recruits, 13 experienced people 9.9%), certificate (total of 19 people-16 new recruits, 3 experienced people 5.9% ), appearance (total of 18 people-11 new recruits, 7 experienced people), and others (total of 49 people-24 new recruits, 25 experienced people 15.3%).[12]
Unlike in the past, when good universities meant good jobs, the power of domestic academic cliques is getting weaker.[13] The phenomenon is happening everywhere[14], and as the employment crisis and times change, it is changing to focus more on departments, unlike in the past when prestigious universities were important.[15] More and more people are preparing for the civil service exam even after graduating from prestigious universities[16], and more companies are introducing blind recruitment.[17] It is entering an era when prestigious universities do not guarantee success.
Awareness of other countries' academic background
editIn India, a diploma from Indian Institute of Technology(IIT) is not just a "graduation from prestigious university." In Indian society, where the gap between the rich and the poor is wide, graduation from prestigious universities is almost the only way out of discrimination and class at once. Therefore, the competition rate for admission is 100 to 1.[18]
In the U.S., top universities are becoming more important. A few years ago, many of America's top students received a good education at a state university near their homes at a reasonable cost to suit their family needs.[19] But recently, most of the top students are hoping for the most prestigious universities in the northeastern part of the U.S.[20]
References
edit- ^ 신, 지윤 (2019-12-14). "[기고] 학벌주의 사회의 폐해와 혁신적 교육정책" [The Harm of Academic Society and Innovative Education Policy]. 인저리타임 (in Korean). Retrieved 2020-12-26.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "국민 76% "학력이 인생 결정"...학벌사회 해소책 무기력" [76% of the people "education is the decision of life"...]. 한국일보 (in Korean). 2014-12-08. Retrieved 2020-12-26.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ 시골, 교사(kwoninkiel) (2017-08-02). "독일 시험에는 객관식이 없다" [There is no multiple choice in the German test.]. ohmynews (in Korean). Retrieved 2020-10-02.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ 채, 은미 (2009-03-25). "페덱스, 출신ㆍ학벌 아닌 실력으로 대접" [FedEx, treat by skill, not by origin or academic background.]. 매일경제 (in Korean). Retrieved 2020-10-02.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ 김, 강한 (2020-10-20). "기업 절반 "학벌이 채용에 영향 미친다 "" [Half of Companies “Academic Affairs Affect Hiring”]. 조선일보 (in Korean). Retrieved 2020-12-26.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ 이, 경원 (2014-08-14). "[단독] "한국 입시제도, 진짜 인재 가려내는데는 실패"" [The Korean college entrance system fails to identify the real talent.]. 국민일보 (in Korean). Retrieved 2020-10-02.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ 박, 성준 (2005-07-15). "청년층의 학력과잉 실태와 임금에 미치는 영향" [The Current Status of Academic Overage and Its Impact on Wages of Young People]. 한국경제연구원 (in Korean). Retrieved 2020-10-02.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ 김, 효정 (2018-01-08). "객관식 시험 폐지, 교육변화 이끄는 마중물 될까?" [Will abolishing multiple choice exams be a catalyst for educational change?]. 에듀동아 (in Korean). Retrieved 2020-10-02.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ 유, 경표 (2015-10-22). "교과서보다 심각한 '좌편향 시험문제'‥왜곡·선동 만연". 뉴데일리 (in Korean). Retrieved 2020-10-02.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "[사설]금수저·흙수저는 현실, 한국은 신계급사회로 가고 있다" [Gold spoon and clay spoon are real, and Korea is becoming a new class society]. 경향신문 (in Korean). 2015-11-17. Retrieved 2020-10-02.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ 박, 정원 (2016-03-14). "수저 불변의 법칙, 서울대부터 없애야 깨진다" [The unchangeable rule of spoon, you have to get rid of Seoul National University first.]. 프레시안 (in Korean). Retrieved 2020-10-02.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "직장인 "여전히 학벌은 취업과 이직의 걸림돌"" [Office Workers "Still, academia is an obstacle to employment and turnover"]. 세계일보 (in Korean). 2011-06-08. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ 윤, 은지 (2017-10-17). "로스쿨출신 검사, SKY 47.5%.. 'SKY쏠림 완화추세'" [Law school prosecutors, SKY 47.5%..'SKY trend easing']. 베리타스알파 (in Korean). Retrieved 2020-11-04.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ 고, 웅석 (2017-04-12). "500대 기업 CEO 중 'SKY' 출신 48.9%…2년새 2.6%p↓" [48.9% of CEOs of 500 companies from'SKY'… 2.6%p in 2 years ↓]. 연합뉴스 (in Korean). Retrieved 2020-11-04.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ 문, 영재 (2018-03-21). ""SKY간판 말고 의대 좋아요"…작년 중도탈락 1238명 '역대최고'" ["I like medical school, not SKY signs"... 1238 dropouts last year,'the best ever']. 머니투데이 (in Korean). Retrieved 2020-11-04.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ 이, 종훈 (2016-06-18). "SKY 출신, 유학파도 9급 공시…"돈보다 안정"" [SKY graduates and students studying abroad also announced Level 9... "Stable than money"]. SBS NEWS (in Korean). Retrieved 2020-11-04.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ 전, 병역 (2018-03-19). "올 상반기 기업 10곳 중 3곳 '블라인드 채용'" [3 out of 10 companies in the first half of this year 'blind hiring']. 경향비즈 (in Korean). Retrieved 2020-11-04.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ 중앙선데이 (2011-08-21). "인도 최고 명문 IIT 입시생도 '한국식 단과반'서 열공 중" [India's most prestigious IIT candidates are also working hard in the “Korean-style class”]. 중앙일보 (in Korean). Retrieved 2020-11-04.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ chanxz (2011-10-03). "승자독식은 피할 수 없다, 저항을 멈춰라!" [Winner-take-all is inevitable, stop resistance!]. 한겨레 (in Korean). Retrieved 2020-11-04.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ 나, 지홍 (2015-03-24). "억만장자 2세, 세습확률 9분의 1 '최고'" [2nd generation billionaire, 1/9 succession probability 'highest']. 조선일보 (in Korean). Retrieved 2020-11-04.
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