This page serves as the "editing history" of the article Qing dynasty coinage for adding images of Manchu mint marks.
Manchu mint marks
edit_mint_mark_on_a_Xu%C4%81n_T%C7%92ng_T%C5%8Dng_B%C7%8Eo_(%E5%AE%A3%E7%B5%B1%E9%80%9A%E5%AF%B6).jpg)
ᠶᠣᠨᠨ mint mark on a Xuān Tǒng Tōng Bǎo (宣統通寶) coin indicating that it was cast in Kunming, Yunnan.
Another series of bronze cash coins was introduced with Manchu script on the reverse sides of the coin from 1657, many mints contained the Manchu word ᠪᠣᠣ (Boo) on the left, which is Manchu for "寶" (indicating "treasure" or "currency") on the obverse side of these coins. To the right of them would often appear a word indicating the issuing agency of the coin. Qing dynasty coinage with exclusive Manchu mint marks are by far the most commonly produced type. Large denomination coins of the Xianfeng Emperor bore Manchu mint marks on the left and right sides of the reverse sides, and the value of the coin on the top and bottom. Coins with exclusive Manchu inscriptions continued to be cast until the end of the Qing dynasty.[1][2][3][4][5]
Manchu mint marks are:
| Mint mark | Möllendorff | Place of minting | Province | Time in operation | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᠴᡳᠣᠸᠠᠨ |
Boo Ciowan | Ministry of Revenue (hùbù, 戶部), Beijing | Zhili | 1644–1911 | 
|
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᠶᡠᠸᠠᠨ |
Boo Yuwan | Ministry of Works (gōngbù, 工部), Beijing | Zhili | 1644–1908 | 
|
| ᠰᡳᡠᠸᠠᠨ | Siowan | Xuanfu | Zhili | 1644–1671 | |
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᠰᠠᠨ |
Boo San | Xi'an | Shaanxi | 1644–1908 | 
|
| ᠯᡳᠨ | Lin | Linqing | Shandong | 1645–1675 | |
| ᡤᡳ | Gi | Jizhou | Zhili | 1645–1671 1854–Unknown |
|
| ᡨᡠᠩ | Tung | Datong | Shanxi | 1645–1649 1656–1674 |
|
| ᠶᡠᠸᠠᠨ (1645–1729) ᠪᠣᠣ ᠵᡳᠨ (1729–1908) |
Boo Yuwan (1645–1729) Jin (1729–1908) |
Taiyuan | Shanxi | 1645–1908 | 
|
| ᠶᡡᠨ | Yūn | Miyun | Zhili | 1645–1671 | |
| ᠴᠠᠩ (1646–1729) ᡠ (1729–1908) |
Cang (1646–1729) U (1729–1908) |
Wuhan | Hubei | 1646–1908 | |
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᡥᠣ |
Boo Ho | Kaifeng | Henan | 1647 1729–1731 1854–1908 |
|
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᡶᡠᠩ |
Boo Fung | Fengtian | Fengtian | 1647–1648 1880–1908 |
|
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᠴᠠᠩ (1647–1729) ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠩ (1729–1908) |
Boo Chang (1647–1729) Giyang (1729–1908) |
Nanchang | Jiangxi | 1647–1908 | 
|
| ᠨᡳᠩ | Ning | Jiangning | Jiangsu | 1648–1731 | |
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᡶᡠ |
Boo Fu | Fuzhou | Fujian | 1649–1908 | _-_John_Ferguson.jpg){kind=small}
|
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᠵᡝ |
Boo Je | Hangzhou | Zhejiang | 1649–1908 | 
|
| ᡩᡠᠩ (1649–1729; 1887–1908) ᠪᠣᠣ ᠵᡳ (1729–1887) |
Dung (1649–1729; 1887–1908) Boo Ji (1729–1887) |
Jinan | Shandong | 1649–1738 1854–1870 1887–1908 |
|
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᠶᠣᠨᠨ |
Boo Yonn | Kunming | Yunnan | 1653–1908 | 
|
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᠴᡠᠸᠠᠨ |
Boo Cuwan | Chengdu | Sichuan | 1667–1908 | _-_John_Ferguson_02.jpg){kind=small}
|
| ᡤᡠᠩ | Gung | Gongchang | Gansu | 1667–1740 1855–1908 |
_-_John_Ferguson_10.jpg){kind=small}
|
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᠰᡠ |
Boo Su | Suzhou | Jiangsu | 1667–1908 | 
|
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᠨᠠᠨ |
Boo Nan | Changsha | Hunan | 1667–1908 | |
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩ |
Boo Guwang | Guangzhou | Guangdong | 1668–1908 | _scanned_image.png){kind=small}
|
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᡤᡠᡳ |
Boo Gui | Guilin | Jiangxi | 1668–1908 | _-_John_Ferguson_02.jpg){kind=small}
|
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ |
Boo Giyan | Guiyang | Guizhou | 1668–1908 | 
|
| ᠵᠠᠩ | Jang | Zhangzhou | Fujian | 1680–1682 | |
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᡨᠠᡳ |
Boo Tai | Taiwan-Fu | Taiwan | 1689–1740 1855–Unknown |
|
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᠠᠨ |
Boo An | Anqing | Anhui | 1731–Unknown | 
|
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᡷᡳ |
Boo Jy | Baoding | Zhili | 1745–1908 | |
| ᠶᡝᡵᡴᡳᠶᠠᠩ | Yerkiyang | Yarkant | Xinjiang | 1759–1864 | _-_John_Ferguson_01.jpg){kind=small}
|
| ᡠᠰᡥᡳ | Ushi | Uši | Xinjiang | 1766–1911 | _-_John_Ferguson_02.jpg){kind=small}
|
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᡳ |
Boo I | Ghulja | Xinjiang | 1775–1866 | .jpg){kind=small}
|
| ᡩᡠᠩ | Dung | Dongchuan | Yunnan | 1800–1908 | .jpg){kind=small}
|
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᡬᡳ |
Boo Gi | Unknown | Hebei (1851–1861) Jilin (1861–1912) |
1851–1912 | 
|
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᡩᡝ |
Boo De | Jehol | Zhili | 1854–1858 | |
| ᡴᠠᠰᡥᡤᠠᡵ | Kashgar | Kashgar | Xinjiang | 1855–1908 | |
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᡩᡳ (1855–1886; 1907–1908) ᠶᡠᠸᠠᠨ (1886–1907) |
Boo Di (1855–1886; 1907–1908) Yuwan (1886–1907) |
Ürümqi | Xinjiang | 1855–1864 1886–1890 1907–1908 |
|
| ᡴᡠᠴᠠ | Kuca | Kucha | Xinjiang | 1857–1908 | .jpg){kind=small}
|
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᠵᡳᠶᡝᠨ |
Boo Jiyen | Tianjin | Zhili | 1880–1908 | 
|
| ᡥᡡ | Hu | Dagu | Zhili | 1880–1908 | |
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᡠ |
Boo U | Wuchang | Hubei | ||
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᡤᡠᠩ |
Boo Gung | Kunshan | Jiangsu | ||
| ᠠᡴᠰᡠ | Aksu | Aksu | Xinjiang | _-_John_Ferguson_03.jpg){kind=small}
| |
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᡩᠣᠩ |
Boo Dong | Unknown | Yunnan | ||
| ᠪᠣᠣ ᠵᡳᠩ |
Boo Jing | Unknown | Hubei |
References
edit- ^ F. Schjöth, Chinese Currency, Oslow, Norway, 1929
- ^ China Ancient Coins Collection Blog (中國古錢集藏網誌). To share my collection and what I have know related to the Chinese Ancient Coins to global coins collectors. Qing Dynasty Coinage(清朝錢幣). By Learner (檢視我的完整簡介) 於於 下午1:24. Published: 2009年5月3日 星期日。 Retrieved: 02 July 2017.
- ^ C.L. Krause and C. Mishler, Standard Catalog of Word Coins (Krause Publications), 1979 with corrections made by Vladimir A. Belyaev (www.charm.ru) on 12 December 1997.
- ^ ● Dai Zhiqiang 戴志強 (ed. 2008), Zhongguo qianbi shoucang jianshang quanji 中國錢幣收藏鑒賞全集 (Changchun: Jilin chuban jituan). (in Mandarin Chinese)
- ^ Ma Long (馬隆) (2004), "Qingdai lichao zhubiju yu zhubi jianbiao 清代歷朝鑄幣局與鑄幣簡表", in Ma Feihai (馬飛海), Wang Yuxuan (王裕巽), Zou Zhiliang (鄒誌諒) (ed.), Zhongguo lidai huobi daxi 中國歷代貨幣大系, Vol. 6, Qingdai bi (清代幣) (Shanghai: Shanghai shiji chuban jituan/Shanghai jiaoyu chubanshe), pp 766–775. (in Mandarin Chinese)