Prognosis Overall, five-year survival rates for vulvar cancer are around 78% but may be affected by individual factors including cancer stage, cancer type, patient age and general medical health. Five-year survival is greater than 90% for patients with stage I lesions but decreases to 20% when pelvic lymph nodes are involved. Lymph node involvement is the most important predictor of prognosis.
Dependent on the stage of cancer, which refers the amount of cancer there is in the body at a given time, will determine the survival rate and the options that are available for treatment. [1]The stages are broken into 4 categories. Stage one also called "Localized" is given the name because the cancer is limited to one part of the body.[1] This has the highest survival rate of 59%. [1]When the cancer starts to spread this is referred to "distant" or "regional", this stage usually involves the cancer being spread to the lymph nodes. [1]This survival rate is 29%. The third stage is when the cancer has metastasized and spread throughout the body, this is the lowest survival rate of 6%. When vulvar cancer is caught early that is when the survival rate is at its highest. [1]
Epidemiology Vulvar cancer newly affected about 44,200 people and resulted in 15,200 deaths globally in 2018. Vulvar cancer can be split up into two separate diseases. The first disease is one that starts as an infection that is, human papillomavirus also known as HPV, which leads to vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia(VIN) this is the disease that is known to be a predisposing factor for Vulvar cancer.[2] This specific type of vulvar cancer is most common in younger women, specifically ages 35-65, but that graph is also skewed to predominantly women under the age of 40.[2]
The second type is vulvar non-neoplastic epithelial disorders (VNED). This is most common in older women, due to the increased risk for developing cellular atypia which in turn leads to cancer.[2] There are many factors that show correlation to the disease but are proven not responsible, these include Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity. [2]
United Kingdom Vulvar cancer causes less than 1% of all cancer cases and deaths but around 6% of all gynecologic cancers diagnosed in the UK. Around 1,200 women were diagnosed with the disease in 2011, and 400 women died in 2012.
United States In the United States, it newly occurred in about 6,070 people with 1,280 deaths a year. It makes up about 0.3% of new cancer cases, and 5% of gynecologic cancers in the United States. Vulvar cancer cases have been rising in the United States at an increase of .6% each year for the past ten years.[1] This also corresponds with an increase in death rates, which has reached 1.5% a year from 2007-2016.[1]
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- ^ a b c d e f g "Cancer of the Vulva - Cancer Stat Facts". SEER. Retrieved 2019-12-03.
- ^ a b c d Alkatout, Ibrahim; Schubert, Melanie; Garbrecht, Nele; Weigel, Marion; Jonat, Walter; Mundhenke, Christoph; Gunther, Veronika (March 20, 2015). "Vulvar cancer: epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management options". International Journal of Women's Health. 7: 305–313. Retrieved 17 November 2019.