Uruguayan Anarchist Federation (Federación Anarquista Uruguaya, commonly known as FAU) is a Uruguayan anarchist organization founded in 1956. The FAU was created by anarchist militants to be a specifically anarchist organization. The FAU was the first organization to promote the organizational concept of Especifismo.[1]
Uruguayan Anarchist Federation Federación Anarquista Uruguaya | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | FAU |
| Leader | Collective leadership |
| Founded | 1956 |
| Ideology | Anarcho-communism Especifismo Platformism |
| International affiliation | Anarkismo.net |
| Website | |
| http://federacionanarquistauruguaya.uy/ | |
History
editThe FAU began with the collection of ideological and cultural traditions contributed by Italian, Galician and Catalan anarcho-communist and anarcho-syndicalist refugees, that fled fascist persecution during the Spanish Civil War and World War II. The organization was involved, from the outset, in social struggles around the country, working on the strengthening of trade unions and advancing towards workers' unity.
In the early 1960s, the FAU took part in the structure of the “Coordinator” (Spanish: El Coordinator), the predecessor of the Tupamaros. When the MLN-T emerged from it in 1966, the federation did not elect to join the new organization. However, Jorge Zabalza, a member of the FAU, did join the Tupamaros in an individual capacity.[2]
In 1967 the Uruguayan government ordered the dissolution of the FAU, which went underground. Its activity was restructured according to the new situation, and they began to develop a clandestine network for the printing and distribution of propaganda. In 1968, the FAU decided to create a mass front called the Student Workers' Resistance (Spanish: Resistencia Obrero Estudiantil, ROE), which organized neighborhood militants, labor unionists and combative students into a popular front.[3]
The state of emergency and the militarization of political life also led the FAU to develop an armed structure. The Popular Revolutionary Organization-33 (Spanish: Organización Popular Revolucionaria-33, OPR-33), an armed arm of the FAU, was launched and began to carry out a series of direct actions: sabotages, expropriations, kidnappings of political leaders and industrial employers, armed support of strikes, occupations of factories, etc. The OPR-33 also published an underground weekly, and created an infrastructure network to prepare its actions and protect its activists. On April 19, 1969, they stole the flag of the Thirty-Three Orientals from the National Historical Museum. Opposed to electoral participation, they advocated abstention in the 1971 general election, refusing to support the Broad Front. In 1975, activists of the FAU, the ROE and the OPR-33 in exile in Buenos Aires (Hugo Cores, Gerardo Gatti and Léon Duarte) founded the People's Victory Party (Spanish: Partido por la Victoria del Pueblo, PVP), a Libertarian Marxist group sympathetic to the Cuban Revolution. The PVP would later abandon anarchism for electoralism and became part of the Broad Front.[4][5]
Cornered by the repression of Uruguayan and Argentine special services, about fifty FAU members were tortured, killed and disappeared, while others were sentenced to long years in prison. When the Civic-military dictatorship of Uruguay fell in 1985, the FAU faced an immediate reorganization effort. The FAU, since its reorganization, helped in the creation of several similar anarchist organizations in Brazil and Argentina, including the Federação Anarquista Gaúcha (FAG), the Federação Anarquista Cabocla (FACA), the Federação Anarquista do Rio de Janeiro (FARJ) in Brazil, the Anarchist Federation of Rosario (FAR); and the underground Argentine organization AUCA (Rebel).[6]
Today their social efforts cover broad sectors: organizing in trade unions, schools, parental councils and neighborhood associations, protecting the environment, writing to prisoners, and building a social housing cooperative. They also run a printing press, 6 community radio stations, 4 athenaeums, 3 libraries and built a Solidarity and Mutual Support Space.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Weaver, Adam (2006). "Especifismo: The Anarchist Praxis of Building Popular Movements and Revolutionary Organization". The Northeastern Anarchist (11). Boston: Northeastern Federation of Anarchist-Communists. ISSN 1553-3654. OCLC 47639698.
- ^ Labrousse, Alain (2009). "Les Tupamaros: de la lutte armée à la voie électorale (1964-2009)". Problèmes d'Amérique latine (in French). 74 (4). Paris: Choiseul: 17–36. doi:10.3917/pal.074.0017. ISBN 9782916722702. ISSN 0765-1333. OCLC 4912982294.
- ^ López, Julián (2019). "La Federación Anarquista Uruguaya (FAU) y la producción intertextual del anarquismo latinoamericano". Ciencia Política (in Spanish). 14 (28). Bogotá: National University of Colombia: 129–157. doi:10.15446/cp.v14n28.79137. ISSN 1909-230X. OCLC 8558828549. S2CID 210552745.
- ^ Rey Tristán, Eduardo (2003). "Propuestas revolucionarias en la izquierda uruguaya de los años 60". Revista de Historia de América (in Spanish) (132). Mexico City: Pan American Institute of Geography and History: 75–100. ISSN 0034-8325. JSTOR 20140109. OCLC 5543743022.
- ^ Yaffé, Jaime (2013). "Consolidación y transformación partidaria. Institucionalización, liderazgo y capacidad de adaptación en el Frente Amplio de Uruguay". Iberoamericana (in Spanish). 13 (50). Madrid: Editorial Vervuer: 7–26. ISSN 1577-3388. JSTOR 24369274. OCLC 5964460044.
- ^ Secretariat, General (30 November 2005). "FAG 1995-2005: 10 years of struggle for Socialism and for Freedom!". Anarkismo. Translated by International Relations, Federazione dei Comunisti Anarchici. Porto Alegre: Federação Anarquista Gaúcha. OCLC 123551385.
Further reading
edit- Mechoso Mendez, Juan Carlos; Prieto Valladares, Jaime; Cores, Hugo; et al. (2009). Sharkey, Paul (ed.). The Federacion Anarquista Uruguaya (FAU): Crisis, Armed Struggle and Dictatorship, 1967-1985. Vol. 11. London: Kate Sharpley Library. ISBN 978-1-873605-69-1. OCLC 836805700.