50°22′12″N 4°09′11″W / 50.370°N 4.153°W
Union Street in Plymouth, Devon, is a long straight street connecting the city centre to Devonport, the site of Plymouth's naval base and docks. Originally the home of wealthy people, it later became an infamous red-light district and the location of most of the city's night-life.
History
editDesigned by John Foulston, it was laid out between 1812 and 1820 as a grand boulevard to connect the three towns of Plymouth, East Stonehouse and Devonport. Today Union Street forms part of the A374.[1]
For some years after its construction, Union Street was the home of the wealthy. According to a guidebook of 1823:
…the buildings are neat and handsome, and the streets straight and commodious, particularly those of Durnford-street, Emma-place, Edgcumbe-street and Union-street. These are almost entirely occupied by genteel families, chiefly those of naval and military officers, and other persons holding situations under government. The addition of Union-street … is an improvement of the greatest importance … [it] affords a spacious thoroughfare, and presents … a succession of neat and uniform buildings.[2]
Despite its upper-class associations, Union Street was the location of the first outbreaks in Plymouth of cholera in the 1849 epidemic.[3] At the time, these outbreaks in July of that year were believed to be caused by works connected with the new Millbay railway station, during which the drains of several houses had become blocked and their lower premises overflowed with sewage.[4]
It was the continuing development along and around Union Street that led to the merger of the Three Towns in 1914, and the granting of Plymouth's city status in 1928.[5]
Frequented by sailors from all over the world, it was once known as one of the West Country's most infamous streets[6] and red-light districts.[7] Much of the area was destroyed by German bombing in World War II, more by widening and slum clearance work.[1]
The Palace Theatre
edit
In 1898 the Palace Theatre opened as a music hall in Union Street. It was damaged by fire only eight months after opening, but re-opened in 1899 as the New Palace Theatre of Varieties. In 1961 it was converted to a bingo hall and continued in this use and as a theatre until 1983 when it became "The Academy" disco.
In May 2006 a police operation showed that class A drugs were being used and dealt there,[8] and it closed as a result.[9] The building is grade II listed,[10] and in 2008 it was included on a list by the Victorian Society of the UK's ten most endangered and best Victorian and Edwardian buildings.[11]
Present condition and future plan
editThe environment of Union Street - although designated as a local conservation area[12] is now[when?] considerably dilapidated following the closure of the majority of the night leisure businesses in an attempt to control the associated problems of late-night violence and drunkenness. The broken and collapsed historic frontage has fallen into considerable disrepair and many of the businesses associated with servicing the nighttime economy are now[when?] vacant. Some limited new developments consist of new housing, low-cost supermarkets and a few remaining late night venues. Despite the conservation area status, modern developments have not attempted to respect the original historic urban design, with retail parking taking up much of the newer street frontage with higher profile developments more aligned with the aspirations of the Plymouth Plan[13] which are focussed toward the development of links between the city centre and Millbay immediately to the south. It has a noticeable police presence late at night and early into the morning, to control drunk and lively people. As of 2002, it was also patrolled by military police to maintain a degree of integrity among sailors and marines,[14] though it is less frequented by service personnel than it once was.[6][14]
In song
edit"Union Street (Last Post)" is a track on the 2006 album Witness by contemporary West Country folk duo Show of Hands. It tells a tale of love and loss amongst the pubs and clubs of Union Street at the time of the Falklands Conflict.
References
edit
- ^ a b Chalkley, Brian; David Dunkerley; Peter Gripaios (1991). Plymouth: Maritime City in Transition. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. pp. 48, 93. ISBN 0-7153-9930-6.
- ^ The Tourist's Companion: being a guide to the Towns of Plymouth, Plymouth Dock, Stonehouse, Morice Town, Stoke and their Vicinities (1823), quoted in Hunt, Peter (1984). Devon's Age of Elegance. Exeter: Devon Books. p. 116. ISBN 0-86114-750-2.
- ^ Hamilton, Dr. W. (1850). On the Vital Statistics of the Borough of Plymouth, in The London Medical Gazette Vol. XI. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. p. 614. (online at Google Books)
- ^ Cholera in its Relations to Sanitary Measures, in The British and Foreign Medico-chirurgical Review. London: Samuel Highley. January 1851. p. 23. (online at Google Books)
- ^ "Plymouth - Rapid Urban Character Study, February 2005 (page 10)" (PDF). www.plymouth.gov.uk. Retrieved 8 March 2008.
- ^ a b "Union Street: night and day". BBC Devon - Community Life. Retrieved 8 March 2008.
- ^ "AS Lynne Simpson climbed into the taxi, the dry, dirty smell of city streets baked by weeks of unbroken sunshine filled the air". Western Morning News ( Plymouth, England). 20 April 2001. (account required for online access).
- ^ "Police raid closes city nightclub". BBC News. 7 May 2006. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
- ^ "Four charged with drug offences". BBC News. 8 August 2006. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
- ^ "Theatres and Halls in Plymouth". www.arthurlloyd.co.uk. Retrieved 12 March 2008.
- ^ "In pictures: Victorian buildings under threat". BBC News. 24 September 2008. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
- ^ "Plymouth City Council - Union Street conservation area". Archived from the original on 10 May 2008.
- ^ "Plymouth and South West Devon Joint Local Plan | PLYMOUTH.GOV.UK".
- ^ a b "Marksimpson.com - Journalism - 'Union Street Blues'". www.marksimpson.com. Retrieved 8 March 2008.