Umm Al-Qura (Arabic: أُم القُرى, lit. 'The Mother of Villages') is the first Arabic-language Saudi Arabian daily newspaper based in Mecca,[1] and the official gazette of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The paper has been in circulation since 1924.
 | |
| Type | Weekly newspaper |
|---|---|
| Publisher | Ministry of Media |
| Founded | 12 December 1924 |
| Language | Arabic |
| Headquarters | Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
| Website | http://www.uqn.gov.sa/ |
History and profile
editUmm Al-Qura is established by Ibn Saud, the Kingdom’s founder, and the first issue was published on 12 December 1924.[2][3] In fact, the paper was a successor of Al Qibla which was the official gazette of the Kingdom of Hejaz.[4] One of the reasons behind the establishment of Umm Al-Qura was the harsh criticisms of an Egyptian newspaper, Al Muqattam, against Ibn Saud.[5] Ibn Saud started the paper to counterweigh the propaganda of Al Muqattam through the paper.[5]
Umm Al-Qura was initially a weekly newspaper issued in four hand-printed pages before it had turned into a government gazette – an announcer of royal decrees and other state-related news.[6][7] Shortly after its start, Umm Al-Qura frequently featured articles supporting Wahhabi doctrine which was given as a branch of Sunni Islam.[8] The paper called Ibn Saud the Caeser of the Arabs following the annexation of Hejaz.[9]
The founding editor-in-chief of the paper was Yusuf Yasin, an advisor to Ibn Saud.[10][11] Ghalib Hamza Abulfaraj, a Saudi businessman, also served as the editor-in-chief of the paper.[12] One of its early contributors was St John Philby.[13]
Umm Al-Qura is published by the Saudi Ministry of Culture and Information.[14]
Significant events covered by the paper
editThe significant events that the paper covered, sometimes in special issues, included:[2]
- Unification of Hejaz and Nejd (1926)
- Establishment of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (1932)
- Discovery of oil in Saudi Arabia (1938)
- The historic meeting between King Abdulaziz and President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the United States (1945)
- First Arab-Israeli war (1948)
- Death of King Abdulaziz (1953)
Financial crisis
editDuring World War II all newspapers at that time, Sawt Al Hijaz, Al-Madina Al manawara, and Umm Al Qura experienced financial crises, leading to the suspension of their publication from 1941-1946 except Umm Al Qura which continued to be issued.[15]
References
edit- ^ Mark J. R. Sedgwick (November 1997). "Saudi Sufis: Compromise in the Hijaz, 1925-40". Die Welt des Islams. 37 (3): 360. doi:10.1163/1570060972597039. JSTOR 1570657.
- ^ a b "Umm al-Qurá, Number 1131, 1 November 1946". www.wdl.org. 1 November 1946. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
- ^ "Leading monitor of crucial events in the Saudi Arabia for 100 years: Umm Al-Qura newspaper". Arab News. 21 May 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
- ^ Joshua Teitelbaum (2020). "Hashemites, Egyptians and Saudis: the tripartite struggle for the pilgrimage in the shadow of Ottoman defeat". Middle Eastern Studies. 56 (1): 43. doi:10.1080/00263206.2019.1650349. S2CID 202264793.
- ^ a b Noha Mellor (2021). "The Saudi Press: The Combined Power of Wealth and Religion". In Noureddine Miladi; Noha Mellor (eds.). Routledge Handbook on Arab Media. London; New York: Routledge. p. 328. ISBN 978-0-429-76292-5.
- ^ Joseph A. Kechichian (21 January 2011). "Nationalist adviser". Gulf News. Archived from the original on 14 December 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
- ^ Sebastian Maisel and John A. Shoup. (2009). Saudi Arabia and the Gulf Arab States Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Arab States. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p.329. ISBN 978-0-313-34442-8.
- ^ David Commins (2015). "From Wahhabi to Salafi". In Bernard Haykel; Thomas Hegghammer; Stéphane Lacroix (eds.). Saudi Arabia in Transition: Insights on Social, Political, Economic and Religious Change. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 159. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139047586. ISBN 9781139047586. S2CID 126609426.
- ^ Adam Mestyan (2023). Modern Arab Kingship: Remaking the Ottoman Political Order in the Interwar Middle East. Princeton, NJ; Oxford: Princeton University Press. p. 190. doi:10.1353/book.113384. ISBN 9780691249353. S2CID 260307818.
- ^ C. C. Lewis (July 1933). "Ibn Sa'ūd and the Future of Arabia". International Affairs. 12 (4): 523. doi:10.2307/2603605. JSTOR 2603605.
- ^ Abdulrahman Saleh Shobaili (1971). An Historical and Analytical Study of Broadcasting and Press in Saudi Arabia (PhD thesis). Ohio State University. p. 56. ISBN 9798658527567. ProQuest 302622210.
- ^ Publitec Publications, ed. (2007). Who's Who in the Arab World 2007-2008 (18th ed.). Beirut: Publitec Publications. p. 48. doi:10.1515/9783110930047. ISBN 9783598077357.
- ^ Daniel Silverfarb (1982). "Great Britain, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia: The Revolt of the Ikhwan, 1927-1930". The International History Review. 4 (2): 241. doi:10.1080/07075332.1982.9640276.
- ^ Terki Awad (2010). The Saudi press and the Internet: how Saudi journalists and media decision makers at the Ministry of Culture and Information evaluate censorship in the presence of the Internet as a news and information medium (PhD thesis). University of Sheffield. p. 25.
- ^ William A. Rugh (2004). Arab Mass Media: Newspapers, Radio, and Television in Arab Politics. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-275-98212-6.
