Ulrich Alexander Boschwitz (April 19, 1915 – October 29, 1942), pseudonym John Grane, was a German author.
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Life
editBoschwitz was born in Berlin, the son of Salomon "Sally" Boschwitz and Martha Ella, née Wolgast. Salomon was a wealthy Jewish factory owner who had converted to Christianity in 1911, when he married Martha. Martha was descended from a prominent Lübeck patrician family, the Plitts, and had studied painting in Berlin and Munich. Salomon served in the Imperial German Army in World War I, but died on 7 May 1915 from a brain tumour, leaving Martha to raise Ulrich and his elder sister, Clarissa, and to carry on Salomon's business.[1]
In 1935, Boschwitz's uncle, the lawyer Alexander Wolgast, was murdered in the street after criticizing the Nazis' anti-semitic Nuremberg Laws. The same year, Boschwitz received draft orders to join the Wehrmacht. Shortly thereafter, Boschwitz and his mother fled Germany for Norway; his sister, Clarissa, had already left Germany in 1933 for Palestine, where she would live the rest of her life.[2]
In Norway, Boschwitz wrote his first novel, Menschen neben dem Leben (People Alongside Life), which was first published in Swedish, under the pseudonym John Grane, as Människor utanför, in 1937. From Sweden, he and his mother moved to Luxembourg, France, and Belgium, before ending in Britain in 1939. In either Belgium or Luxembourg, in response to the horrors of Kristallnacht, he wrote Der Reisende, which was published in English as The Man Who Took Trains (1939) in the United States and The Fugitive (1940) in the United Kingdom. The book failed to make an impact after it was originally published and was out of print shortly thereafter. However, in the 2010s the book was rediscovered and re-released as The Passenger.[3][4] The revised and re-released edition was a massive success, being translated into over 20 languages and entering The Sunday Times's top ten list of best selling hardbacks more than 80 years after it was originally published.[3]
When World War II broke out, Boschwitz and his mother were arrested by the British, classified as "enemy aliens", and interned on the Isle of Man. In July 1940, Boschwitz was deported to Australia, where he was interned at a camp in New South Wales. On the voyage there, on the HMT Dunera, a crew member threw the only draft of his latest work, Das Grosse Fressen (The Big Feast), into the ocean.[4]
In Australia, Boschwitz worked on revising a second edition of Der Reisende and began a new novel, Traumtage (Dream Days). In 1942, he was freed and allowed to return to Britain. On 29 October, the vessel he was on, MV Abosso, was torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine U-575. Boschwitz, aged 27, was one of the 362 people onboard who died. His last works died with him.[4]
Literary works
editPosthumously, following the 2021 re-publication of Der Reisende, Boschwitz has been compared favourably to John Buchan, Franz Kafka,[5] Thomas Mann, Heinrich Böll, and Hans Fallada.[4]
His first novel, Menschen neben dem Leben (People Parallel to Life), recounts the lives of a variety of characters living through the economic crisis in Germany after the First World War. The novel was first published in a Swedish translation in 1937.
His second novel, Der Reisende, is set in Nazi Germany in November 1938 immediately after Kristallnacht.[6] In 2021, the novel was published in a new translation by Philip Boehm, based on the original German manuscript and the author's own notes, and retitled The Passenger.[7]
Neither book was published in the original German until 2018 (Der Reisende) and 2019 (Menschen neben dem Leben).
External links
editBoschwitz's surviving papers eventually made their way to his sister, Clarissa. They were catalogued by Thomas Hansen in 1978 and donated and transferred to the Leo Baeck Institute in 2013 by Boschwitz's niece, Reuella Shachaf-Saltzberg.
The collection includes various undated works, including poems, and correspondence and family photographs. They have been digitized and are available online as part of the CJH Holocaust Resource Initiative, made possible by the Conference on Jewish Material Claims against Germany.
Ulrich Boschwitz Collection, AR 25553, at the Leo Baeck Institute New York.
References
edit- ^ "Stolpersteine in Berlin | Orte & Biografien der Stolpersteine in Berlin". www.stolpersteine-berlin.de. Retrieved 2022-09-26.
- ^ "Stolpersteine in Berlin | Orte & Biografien der Stolpersteine in Berlin". www.stolpersteine-berlin.de. Retrieved 2022-09-26.
- ^ a b "The Passenger: Lost German novel makes UK bestseller list 83 years on". BBC News. 17 May 2021.
- ^ a b c d Connelly, Charlie (2021-04-05). "A life striving to stay one step ahead of the Nazis". The New European. Retrieved 2022-09-26.
- ^ "The Passenger by Ulrich Alexander Boschwitz review – on the run in Nazi Germany". the Guardian. 2021-04-07. Retrieved 2022-09-26.
- ^ "The Passenger by Ulrich Alexander Boschwitz | Pushkin Press". pushkinpress.com. 26 September 2024.
- ^ "The Passenger | Ulrich Alexander Boschwitz | Macmillan". US Macmillan.[permanent dead link]