Wikipedia

Tynemouth (UK Parliament constituency)

Tynemouth is a constituency[n 1] in Tyne and Wear represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 1997 by Sir Alan Campbell, a member of the Labour Party.[n 2]

Tynemouth
Borough constituency
for the House of Commons
Map
Boundaries since 2024
Map of constituency
Boundary of Tynemouth in the North East England
CountyTyne and Wear
Electorate73,022 (2023)[1]
Major settlementsNorth Shields, Whitley Bay, Monkseaton, Tynemouth and Cullercoats
Current constituency
Created1832
Member of ParliamentAlan Campbell (Labour)
SeatsOne
Created fromNorthumberland

Creation

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Tynemouth was one of 20 new single-member parliamentary boroughs created by the Reform Act 1832.[2] However, under the Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832, it is referred to as Tynemouth and North Shields.[3] The constituency is referred to in various sources (e.g. Leigh Rayment[4] and F.W.S.Craig) by the latter name between 1832 and 1885 and then treated as abolished and replaced by Tynemouth from 1885 onwards. However, there is no mention of this in the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 and the boundaries were unchanged at that time. The current name of Tynemouth has officially been in use since the Representation of the People Act 1918.[5] It therefore appears that both names were used for the same constituency at different times from 1832 to 1918.

Boundaries

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1832-1918

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  • Under the Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832, the contents of Tynemouth and North Shields were defined as: The several Townships of Tynemouth, North Shields, Chirton, Preston and Cullercoats.[3][6]

1918–1950

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  • The County Borough of Tynemouth.[5]

No change to the boundaries.

1950–1983

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  • The County Borough of Tynemouth; and
  • The Urban District of Whitley Bay.[7]

Whitley Bay, which became a municipal borough in 1954, was transferred from the abolished constituency of Wansbeck.

1983–1997

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  • The Borough of North Tyneside wards of Chirton, Collingwood, Cullercoats, Monkseaton, North Shields, Riverside, St Mary's, Seatonville, Tynemouth, Whitley Bay.[8]

Minor changes to take account of changes to local authority and ward boundaries following the reorganisation under the Local Government Act 1972.

1997–2010

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  • The Borough of North Tyneside wards of Chirton, Collingwood, Cullercoats, Monkseaton, North Shields, St Mary's, Seatonville, Tynemouth, Whitley Bay.[9]

Riverside ward transferred to the new constituency of North Tyneside.

 
Map of 2010–2024 boundaries

2010–2024

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  • The Borough of North Tyneside wards of Chirton, Collingwood, Cullercoats, Monkseaton North, Monkseaton South, Preston, St Mary's, Tynemouth, Valley, Whitley Bay.[10]

Valley ward transferred from North Tyneside.

2024–present

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  • The Borough of North Tyneside wards of Chirton, Collingwood, Cullercoats, Monkseaton North, Monkseaton South, Preston, Riverside (majority, comprising polling districts FC, FD, FE, FF, FG, and FH), St. Mary's, Tynemouth, and Whitley Bay.

Under the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, which came into effect for the 2024 general election, the Valley ward was moved back out, to the new constituency of Cramlington and Killingworth, partly offset by the reinstatement of most of Riverside ward from North Tyneside (abolished).

Constituency profile

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Tynemouth is a coastal seat on the northern bank of the River Tyne. The seat covers Tynemouth, North Shields, Whitley Bay, Cullercoats, Monkseaton and, since 2010, Shiremoor and Backworth.

North Shields and the communities along the Tyne itself tend to be more industrial and working-class, once dominated by coal mining and shipbuilding. The coastal towns to the north, such as Whitley Bay, tend to be more middle-class dormitory towns for Newcastle commuters.

Workless claimants, registered jobseekers, were in November 2012 close to the national average of 3.8%, at 3.9% of the population based on a statistical compilation by The Guardian, lower than the regional average by 0.5%.[11]

Political history

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The seat has tended to be one of the more Conservative-leaning seats in the North East of England, where the party has traditionally struggled against the Labour Party. As a relatively middle-class area, it returned Conservative MPs from 1950 to 1997, albeit often on narrow majorities. It has been represented by Labour since 1997, though the Conservatives remain strong at a local level. Similar to Sefton Central on Merseyside, despite being a traditionally strong Conservative area in a Labour-dominated county, the area has swung significantly to Labour during the twenty-first century, and has been won by semi-marginal to safe margins by Labour candidates at every general election since 1997, with significant swings to Labour seen in both 2015 and 2017.

Since the 1997 general election, it has been represented by Alan Campbell of the Labour Party, who reached the level of government below a Minister of State in 2008, as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Home Office. He is currently Opposition Chief Whip in the House of Commons.

Members of Parliament

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  • Constituency created (1885)
Election Member[4] Party
1885 Richard Donkin Conservative
1900 Frederick Leverton Harris Conservative
1906 Herbert James Craig Liberal
1918 Charles Percy Conservative
1922 Alexander Russell Conservative
1945 Grace Colman Labour
1950 Irene Ward Conservative
Feb 1974 Neville Trotter Conservative
1997 Alan Campbell Labour

Elections

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Elections in the 2020s

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General election 2024: Tynemouth[12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Alan Campbell 24,491 50.6 +3.9
Conservative Lewis Bartoli[13] 9,036 18.7 −21.5
Reform UK Rosalyn Elliot[14] 7,392 15.3 +11.4
Green Chloe-Louise Fawcett-Reilly[15] 3,592 7.4 +5.1
Liberal Democrats John Appleby 2,709 5.6 −1.1
Independent Mustaque Rahman 531 1.1 N/A
Party of Women Kelly Dougall[16] 286 0.6 N/A
Independent Christopher Greener 273 0.6 N/A
Heritage Adam Thewlis 108 0.2 N/A
Majority 15,455 31.9 +23.3
Turnout 48,418 65.9 −8.0
Labour hold Swing +12.7

Elections in the 2010s

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General election 2019: Tynemouth[17]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Alan Campbell 26,928 48.0   9.0
Conservative Lewis Bartoli 22,071 39.4   2.9
Liberal Democrats John Appleby 3,791 6.8   3.0
Brexit Party Ed Punchard 1,963 3.5 New
Green Julia Erskine 1,281 2.3   1.2
Majority 4,857 8.6   12.9
Turnout 56,034 72.5   2.0
Labour hold Swing   5.9
General election 2017: Tynemouth[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Alan Campbell 32,395 57.0   8.8
Conservative Nick Varley 20,729 36.5   3.7
Liberal Democrats John Appleby 1,724 3.0  
UKIP Stuart Haughton 1,257 2.2   10.0
Green Julia Erskine[19] 629 1.1   2.7
Independent Anthony "The Durham Cobbler" Jull 124 0.2 New
Majority 11,666 20.5   4.1
Turnout 56,858 74.5   5.5
Labour hold Swing   2.6
General election 2015: Tynemouth[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Alan Campbell 25,791 48.2   2.9
Conservative Glenn Hall[21] 17,551 32.8   1.6
UKIP Gary Legg[22] 6,541 12.2   10.5
Green Julia Erskine[23] 2,017 3.8   2.8
Liberal Democrats John Paton-Day[24] 1,595 3.0   11.9
Majority 8,240 15.4   4.5
Turnout 53,495 69.0   0.6
Labour hold Swing   2.3
For the 2010 election, this was the primary target seat for the Conservatives in North East England following impressive local council victories since 2006 and the recent marginality of Alan Campbell's 2005 re-election.
General election 2010: Tynemouth[25][26]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Alan Campbell 23,860 45.3   3.0
Conservative Wendy Morton 18,121 34.4   2.2
Liberal Democrats John Appleby 7,845 14.9   0.2
BNP Dorothy Brooke 1,404 2.7 New
UKIP Natasha Payne 900 1.7 New
Green Julia Erskine 538 1.0 New
Majority 5,739 10.9   1.2
Turnout 52,668 69.6   3.6
Labour hold Swing   0.4

Elections in the 2000s

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Michael McIntyre was councillor for the Whitley Bay Ward at the time of polling. The Conservatives hoped to snatch the seat, but could only diminish Alan Campbell's majority. In the Mayoral election held on the same day, Mayor Linda Arkley (Conservative) narrowly lost re-election.

General election 2005: Tynemouth[27]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Alan Campbell 20,143 47.0   6.2
Conservative Michael McIntyre 16,000 37.3   3.8
Liberal Democrats Colin Finlay 6,716 15.7   4.1
Majority 4,143 9.7  10.0
Turnout 42,859 66.9   0.5
Labour hold Swing   5.0

Labour MP Alan Campbell was returned in 2001 with a smaller majority during Tony Blair's second landslide.

General election 2001: Tynemouth[28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Alan Campbell 23,364 53.2   2.2
Conservative Karl Poulsen 14,686 33.5   0.2
Liberal Democrats Penny Reid 5,108 11.6   2.8
UKIP Michael Rollings 745 1.7   0.8
Majority 8,678 19.7  2.4
Turnout 43,903 67.4   9.7
Labour hold Swing

Elections in the 1990s

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In 1997 Labour won the seat for the first time since 1945. The Conservatives chose Gateshead Councillor Martin Callanan as their candidate to replace the retiring Neville Trotter. He would subsequently become a North East MEP and later a peer and government minister.

General election 1997: Tynemouth[29]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Alan Campbell 28,318 55.4   10.4
Conservative Martin Callanan 17,045 33.3   12.7
Liberal Democrats Andrew Duffield 4,509 8.8   0.7
Referendum Clive Rook 819 1.6 New
UKIP Frank Rogers 462 0.9 New
Majority 11,273 22.1 N/A
Turnout 51,153 77.11   3.3
Labour gain from Conservative Swing   11.5

In 1992 Neville Trotter narrowly won his final term as the Labour candidate's fourth attempt failed. Many council seats were also unexpectedly won on the back of John Major's victory such as Whitley Bay and Monkseaton.

General election 1992: Tynemouth[30][31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Neville Trotter 27,731 46.0   2.8
Labour Patrick Cosgrove 27,134 45.0   6.2
Liberal Democrats Philip Selby 4,855 8.1   9.9
Green Andrew Buchanan-Smith 543 0.9 New
Majority 597 1.0   3.4
Turnout 60,263 80.4   2.3
Conservative hold Swing   1.7

Elections in the 1980s

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General election 1987: Tynemouth[32]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Neville Trotter 25,113 43.2   4.9
Labour Patrick Cosgrove 22,530 38.8   7.5
Liberal David Mayhew 10,446 18.0   2.1
Majority 2,583 4.4   12.8
Turnout 58,089 78.1   3.5
Conservative hold Swing   6.42

The 1983 election saw Neville Trotter's biggest majority after a landslide victory won by Margaret Thatcher.

General election 1983: Tynemouth[33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Neville Trotter 27,029 48.1   3.5
Labour Patrick Cosgrove 17,420 31.3   7.2
Liberal David Mayhew 11,153 20.1   10.3
Majority 9,609 17.2   4.2
Turnout 55.602 74.6   3.1
Conservative hold Swing   2.0

Elections in the 1970s

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1979: Patrick 'Paddy' Cosgrove's first of four attempts to win the seat. Cosgrove was the Labour councillor for Whitley Bay Ward.

General election 1979: Tynemouth
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Neville Trotter 29,941 51.57
Labour Patrick Cosgrove[n 3] 22,377 38.55
Liberal R. Pinkney 5,736 9.88
Majority 7,564 13.02
Turnout 58,054 77.69
Conservative hold Swing
General election October 1974: Tynemouth
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Neville Trotter 24,510 43.16
Labour J. Miller 21,389 37.66
Liberal Rodney Turner 10,895 19.18
Majority 3,121 5.50
Turnout 56,794 74.29
Conservative hold Swing

February 1974: Neville Trotter, a Newcastle City Councillor and Chartered Accountant, became MP.

General election February 1974: Tynemouth
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Neville Trotter 26,824 44.22
Labour David Carlton 20,437 33.69
Liberal Rodney Turner 13,393 22.08
Majority 6,387 10.53
Turnout 60,654 80.02
Conservative hold Swing

Jeremy Beecham would later become leader of Newcastle City Council and a Peer.

General election 1970: Tynemouth
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Irene Ward 30,773 51.36
Labour Jeremy Beecham 23,927 39.93
Liberal Rodney Turner 5,221 8.71 New
Majority 6,846 11.43
Turnout 59,921 75.85
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1960s

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1966: Gordon Adam would latterly become a North East MEP and make a failed bid to become Mayor of North Tyneside in 2001.

General election 1966: Tynemouth
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Irene Ward 29,210 49.62
Labour Gordon Adam 25,814 43.85
Independent James C. Edwards 3,846 6.53 New
Majority 3,396 5.77
Turnout 58,870 78.45
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1964: Tynemouth
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Irene Ward 33,342 56.29
Labour Albert Booth 25,894 43.71
Majority 7,448 12.58
Turnout 59,236 78.96
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1950s

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General election 1959: Tynemouth
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Irene Ward 32,810 56.37
Labour William H. Hutchinson 18,866 32.42
Liberal David N. Thompson 6,525 11.21
Majority 13,994 23.95
Turnout 58,201 80.53
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1955: Tynemouth
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Irene Ward 30,949 55.12
Labour James Finegan 20,113 35.82
Liberal Roy Cairncross 5,082 9.05 New
Majority 10,836 19.30
Turnout 56,144 79.35
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1951: Tynemouth
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Irene Ward 33,800 56.39
Labour Grace Colman 26,144 43.61
Majority 7,656 12.78
Turnout 59,944 84.54
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1950: Tynemouth
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Irene Ward 28,785 49.30
Labour Grace Colman 23,148 39.65
Liberal E.B. Slack 6,452 11.05
Majority 5,637 9.65
Turnout 58,385 84.01
Conservative gain from Labour Swing

Elections in the 1940s

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General election 1945: Tynemouth
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Grace Colman 13,963 46.07
Conservative Alexander Russell 10,884 35.91
Liberal Kenneth Paterson Chitty 5,460 18.02
Majority 3,079 10.16 N/A
Turnout 30,307 76.85
Labour gain from Conservative Swing

Elections in the 1930s

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General election 1935: Tynemouth
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Alexander Russell 16,003 47.1   4.7
Labour Samuel Segal 10,145 29.8   6.0
Liberal John Stanley Holmes 7,868 23.1   1.3
Majority 5,858 17.3   10.1
Turnout 34,016 79.22   4.9
Conservative hold Swing
General election 1931: Tynemouth
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Alexander Russell 17,607 51.8   14.8
Liberal John Stanley Holmes 8,295 24.4   8.7
Labour T.H. Knight 8,110 23.8   6.1
Majority 9,312 27.38   23.5
Turnout 34,012 84.15   0.8
Conservative hold Swing

Elections in the 1920s

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General election 1929: Tynemouth
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist Alexander Russell 11,785 37.0   8.2
Liberal Richard Irvin 10,545 33.1   5.7
Labour John Stuart Barr 9,503 29.9   2.5
Majority 1,240 3.9   13.9
Turnout 31,833 83.3   1.3
Unionist hold Swing   7.0
General election 1924: Tynemouth
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist Alexander Russell 11,210 45.2   4.2
Liberal Harry Barnes 6,820 27.4   10.9
Labour John Stuart Barr 6,818 27.4   6.7
Majority 4,390 17.8   15.1
Turnout 24,848 84.6   3.5
Unionist hold Swing   7.5
 
Harry Barnes
General election 1923: Tynemouth
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist Alexander Russell 9,612 41.0   7.1
Liberal Harry Barnes 9,008 38.3   9.3
Labour W. Pitt 4,875 20.7   2.2
Majority 604 2.7   16.4
Turnout 23,495 81.1   2.4
Unionist hold Swing   8.2
General election 1922: Tynemouth [34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Unionist Alexander Russell 11,244 48.1   13.4
Liberal Herbert Craig 6,787 29.0   3.2
Labour George Harold Humphrey 5,362 22.9   7.7
Majority 4,457 19.1   16.6
Turnout 23,393 83.5   19.7
Unionist hold Swing   8.4

Elections in the 1910s

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Craig
General election 1918: Tynemouth [34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
C Unionist Charles Percy 5,883 34.7   14.2
Liberal Herbert Craig 5,434 32.2   18.9
Independent Labour George Harold Humphrey 2,566 15.2 New
Independent Henry Gregg (British politician) 2,495 14.8 New
National Dixon Scott 517 3.1 New
Majority 449 2.5 N/A
Turnout 16,895 63.8   15.6
Unionist gain from Liberal Swing   2.4
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

1918: Dixon Scott was the founder of Newcastle's 'News Cinema', the modern 'Tyneside Cinema'.

General election December 1910: Tynemouth[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Herbert Craig 4,106 51.1   1.8
Conservative Charles Percy 3,939 48.9   1.8
Majority 177 2.2   3.6
Turnout 8,045 79.4   3.9
Registered electors 10,122
Liberal hold Swing   1.8
General election January 1910: Tynemouth[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Herbert Craig 4,487 52.9   2.0
Conservative Edward George Spencer-Churchill[36] 3,993 47.1   2.0
Majority 494 5.8   4.0
Turnout 8,480 83.3   3.3
Registered electors 10,122
Liberal hold Swing   2.0

Elections in the 1900s

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Herbert Craig
General election January 1906: Tynemouth[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Herbert Craig 4,286 54.9   8.0
Conservative Frederick Leverton Harris 3,522 45.1   8.0
Majority 764 9.8 N/A
Turnout 7,808 86.6   4.6
Registered electors 9,019
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing   8.0
General election 1900: Tynemouth[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Frederick Leverton Harris[37] 3,501 53.1   1.4
Liberal F.D. Blake 3,094 46.9   1.4
Majority 407 6.2   2.8
Turnout 6,595 82.0   2.0
Registered electors 8,041
Conservative hold Swing   1.4

Elections in the 1890s

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General election 1895: Tynemouth[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Richard Donkin 3,168 51.7   1.2
Liberal Francis Blake[38] 2,959 48.3   1.2
Majority 209 3.4   2.4
Turnout 6,127 80.0   0.9
Registered electors 7,659
Conservative hold Swing   1.2
 
James Annand
General election 1892: Tynemouth[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Richard Donkin 3,121 52.9   2.2
Liberal James Annand 2,783 47.1   2.2
Majority 338 5.8   4.4
Turnout 5,904 80.9   4.8
Registered electors 7,300
Conservative hold Swing   2.2

Elections in the 1880s

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General election 1886: Tynemouth[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Richard Donkin 2,795 55.1   2.1
Liberal William Thomas Raymond[39] 2,277 44.9   2.1
Majority 518 10.2   4.2
Turnout 5,072 76.1   3.3
Registered electors 6,669
Conservative hold Swing   2.1
General election 1885: Tynemouth[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Richard Donkin 3,027 57.2
Liberal Joseph Spence[40] 2,269 42.8
Majority 758 14.4
Turnout 5,296 79.4
Registered electors 6,669
Conservative win (new seat)

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ A borough constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)
  2. ^ As with all constituencies, the constituency elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election at least every five years.
  3. ^ Cosgrove was a Whitley Bay councillor and leading North East barrister

References

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  1. ^ "The 2023 Review of Parliamentary Constituency Boundaries in England – Volume two: Constituency names, designations and composition – North East". Boundary Commission for England. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  2. ^ "Representation of the People Act 1832". vLex. S-IV. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
  3. ^ a b Britain, Great (1832). The Statutes of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Passed in the ... [1807-69]. His Majesty's statute and law Printers. p. 353.
  4. ^ a b Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "T" (part 2)
  5. ^ a b Fraser, Hugh (1918). The Representation of the people act, 1918 : with explanatory notes. University of California Libraries. London : Sweet and Maxwell. p. 459.
  6. ^ "HMSO Boundary Commission 1832 North Shields".
  7. ^ Craig, Fred W. S. (1972). Boundaries of parliamentary constituencies 1885-1972;. Chichester: Political Reference Publications. pp. 82, 140. ISBN 0-900178-09-4. OCLC 539011.
  8. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1983" (PDF). p. 62.
  9. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1995". In the County of Northumberland.
  10. ^ "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 2007". In Northumberland.
  11. ^ Unemployment claimants by constituency The Guardian
  12. ^ Tynemouth
  13. ^ North Tyneside Conservatives [@ConservativesNT] (23 May 2024). "We're delighted that @Lewis4Tynemouth has been selected by local members to fight the new Tynemouth Constituency in the upcoming General Election…" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  14. ^ "Tynemouth Constituency". Reform UK. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  15. ^ "General Election candidate statement". x.com. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
  16. ^ Kelly Oliver Dougall [@powtynemouth] (3 June 2024). "I hereby declare that I intend to stand as a Party of Women candidate for Tynemouth constituency in the General Election on 4 July 2024" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  17. ^ "Tynemouth Parliamentary constituency". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
  18. ^ "Tynemouth". BBC News. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  19. ^ "North Tyneside Borough Green Party". www.facebook.com.
  20. ^ "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  21. ^ "Tunbridge Wells councillor to stand for Parliament - 320 miles away". 2 September 2014.
  22. ^ "UK Polling Report". ukpollingreport.co.uk.
  23. ^ "North Tyneside Green Party". Archived from the original on 15 April 2013.
  24. ^ "List of selected candidates". Liberal Democrats. 4 March 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
  25. ^ "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  26. ^ "North Tyneside Council: Website unavailable". www.northtyneside.gov.uk.
  27. ^ "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  28. ^ "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  29. ^ "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  30. ^ "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  31. ^ "Politics Resources". Election 1992. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
  32. ^ "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  33. ^ "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  34. ^ a b British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig
  35. ^ a b c d e f g h Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.
  36. ^ Gwynne, Howell Arthur. "Captain Edward George Spencer-Churchill". Retrieved 15 October 2017.
  37. ^ Frederick Leverton-Harris (1864–1926) Obituary in The Times, Tuesday, 16 November 1926; pg. 16; Issue 44430; col B
  38. ^ "The Representation of Tynemouth". Shields Daily Gazette. 10 April 1895. p. 3. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
  39. ^ "Borough Tynemouth Parliamentary Election". Shields Daily News. 23 June 1886. p. 2. Retrieved 14 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  40. ^ "Mr Joseph Spence for Tynemouth". Shields Daily Gazette. 9 October 1885. p. 3. Retrieved 14 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive.
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55°02′N 1°28′W / 55.03°N 1.46°W / 55.03; -1.46

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