The Triomphant class of ballistic missile submarines of the French Navy is the active lead boat class of four boats that entered service in 1997, 1999, 2004, and 2010. These four superseded the older Redoutable class, and they provide the ocean-based component (the Force océanique stratégique) of France's nuclear deterrent strike force, the Force de dissuasion (deterrence force). Their home port is Île Longue, Roadstead of Brest, Western Brittany.
 Le Téméraire
| |
| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Name | Triomphant class |
| Builders | DCNS |
| Operators |  French Navy |
| Preceded by | Redoutable class |
| Succeeded by | SNLE 3G[1] |
| Cost | |
| Built | 1986–2010 |
| In commission | 1997–present |
| Planned | 4 |
| Completed | 4 |
| Active | 4 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Ballistic missile submarine |
| Displacement |
|
| Length | 138 m (453 ft) |
| Beam | 12.50 m (41.0 ft) |
| Draught | 10.60 m (34.8 ft) |
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed | Over 25 kn (46 km/h) |
| Range | Unlimited distance; 20–25 years |
| Test depth | Over 400 m (1,300 ft) |
| Complement |
|
| Sensors and processing systems |
|
| Electronic warfare & decoys | ARUR 13 |
| Armament | |
Design and construction
editThe first three boats were originally armed with the French-produced and armed M45 intermediate-range missile, and the fourth vessel, Le Terrible, tested and is equipped with the more advanced M51 missile.[4] Each of the first three boats were retrofitted to the M51 missile standard, with the last M45 offloaded in 2016.[8]
Next Generation Device-Launching Nuclear Submarine
editIn French, these are called Sous-Marin Nucléaire Lanceur d'Engins de Nouvelle Génération (English: "Next Generation Device-Launching Nuclear Submarine"), abbreviated as SNLE-NG. They have replaced all of the Redoutable-class boats, with the last of those six boats being decommissioned in 2008. These submarines carry 16 submarine-launched ballistic missile launching tubes apiece.
This class reportedly produces approximately 1/1000 of the detectable noise of the Redoutable-class submarines, and they are ten times more sensitive in detecting other submarines.[9] Initially armed with the M45 missile, they are designed to carry the new M51 missile, which entered active service in 2010. As of October 2010[update], an M51 has been test-fired from one of these submarines across the Atlantic Ocean from near France to the west, and is equipped on Le Terrible.
These boats were all constructed by the DCNS, and they carry an armament of 16 M45 SLBM or M51 SLBM missiles manufactured by the Aérospatiale company (now Airbus Defence and Space), plus conventional torpedoes and Exocet anti-ship missiles.
List of submarines
editThe French Navy's goal is to operate a force of four ballistic missile submarines (comparable with the Royal Navy's Vanguard-class submarines), of which two are expected to be on patrol at any given time.
| Name | Construction began | Launched | Commissioned |
|---|---|---|---|
| Le Triomphant | 9 June 1986 | 26 March 1994 | 21 March 1997 |
| Le Téméraire | 18 December 1993 | 21 January 1998 | 23 December 1999 |
| Le Vigilant | January 1996 | 19 September 2003 | 26 November 2004 |
| Le Terrible | 24 October 2000 | 21 March 2008 | 20 September 2010[10] |
Service history
editOn 3 February or 4 February 2009, Le Triomphant collided with the Royal Navy submarine HMS Vanguard; the Royal Navy boat received damage to the outer casing in the area of the missile compartment on the starboard (right) side and suffered very visible dents and scrapes.[11] Le Triomphant was reported to have proceeded to Brest under her own power, submerged, but with damage to her active sonar dome under her bow.[11]
Gallery
edit-
Comparison of different nuclear systems: left, the SNLE (Redoutable type) with the M4 missile; right, the SNLE-NG (Triomphant type) with the M45 missile and the M51 missile. -
Le Vigilant
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "SNLE de 3è génération : la mise en chantier prévue pour 2023". Corlobe. 26 October 2018.
- ^ "French Audit Report Reveals Weapon Prices, A400M Details". Defence-aerospace. 18 February 2010. Archived from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
- ^ "Examination of the U.S. Navy Proposed Conversion of the Nuclear Fleet from Highly Enriched Uranium to Low Enriched Uranium" (PDF). Retrieved 31 August 2023.
- ^ a b "La marine française met un quatrième sous-marin nucléaire en service". AFP. Archived from the original on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2020 – via Google news.
- ^ "IA M51 : Chape de plomb sur le nucléaire". Mer et Marine. 4 October 2010. Archived from the original on 9 October 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
- ^ Kristensen, Hans. "France" (PDF). Assuring Destruction Forever: Nuclear Weapon Modernization Around the World. Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. Retrieved 11 April 2013 – via FAS.
- ^ Reif, Kingston (8 December 2009). "Nuclear weapons: The modernization myth". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Retrieved 11 April 2013.
- ^ Kristensen, Hans; Korda, Matt (7 January 2019). "French nuclear forces, 2019". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 75 (Special Issue: Spotlight on Nuclear Modernization): 51–55. Bibcode:2019BuAtS..75a..51K. doi:10.1080/00963402.2019.1556003. S2CID 151142543.
- ^ "Le Triomphant". Archived from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
- ^ "Le Terrible entre en service actif". Ministry of Defense (France). 1 October 2010. Archived from the original on 1 August 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2010.
- ^ a b "Nuclear subs collide in Atlantic". BBC News. 16 February 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
External links
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