Trillium texanum, the Texas trillium or Texas wakerobin, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is found in east Texas, extreme southwestern Arkansas, and extreme northwestern Louisiana. Due to its limited range, it is designated as a vulnerable species.
| Trillium texanum | |
|---|---|
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| Miller County, Arkansas (21 March) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Melanthiaceae |
| Genus: | Trillium |
| Species: | T. texanum
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| Binomial name | |
| Trillium texanum | |
| Synonyms[4] | |
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Synonymy
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Description
editTrillium texanum is a perennial herbaceous plant that flowers from March to early mid-April, with white flower petals.[5]
Taxonomy
editTrillium texanum was first described by Samuel Botsford Buckley in 1861.[3] Its type specimen was collected in Panola County, Texas,[6] but that specimen is now lost.[7] The specific epithet texanum refers to the U.S. state of Texas, its primary location.
As of April 2023[update], the name Trillium texanum Buckley is widely recognized,[1][2][4][8] but a few authorities regard it as a variety of Trillium pusillum, either T. pusillum var. texanum or T. pusillum var. pusillum.[9][10] The taxon is a member of the Catesbaei group (Trillium subgen. Delostylis), a group of pedicellate-flowered trilliums that includes Trillium catesbaei.
Distribution and habitat
editTrillium texanum is found primarily in east Texas,[11] hence the common name Texas trillium. It also occurs in extreme southwestern Arkansas and extreme northwestern Louisiana.[1] It typically grows in forested wetland habitat.[5]
Conservation
editAs of April 2023[update], the global conservation status of Trillium texanum is listed as vulnerable by both NatureServe and IUCN.[1][2] It is critically imperiled in both Arkansas and Louisiana.[12] It is under review by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.[13]
References
edit- ^ a b c d "Trillium texanum". NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ a b c "Texas Trillium (Trillium texanum)". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2022-2. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
- ^ a b "Trillium texanum Buckley". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
- ^ a b "Trillium texanum Buckley". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
- ^ a b Philipps, Thomas C. "Texas Wakerobin (Trillium texanum)". United States Forest Service. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
- ^ Buckley, S. B. (1861). "Description of Several New Species of Plants". Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 12: 443. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
- ^ Strong & Williamson (2015), p. 169.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Trillium texanum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
- ^ Case Jr., Frederick W. (2002). "Trillium pusillum var. pusillum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 5 April 2023 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^ Reveal, J. L.; Broome, C. R. (1981). "Minor nomenclatural and distributional notes on Maryland vascular plants with comments on the state's proposed endangered and threatened species". Castanea. 46 (1): 50–82.
- ^ "Trillium texanum". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
- ^ "Trillium texanum – Texas trillium" (PDF). Rare Plants of Louisiana. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
- ^ "Species Profile for Texas trillium (Trillium pusillum texanum)". Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
Bibliography
edit- Middleton, Beth; Williams, Casey R.; Doffitt, Chris; Johnson, Darren (2022). "Effects of shading on the rare plant species, Physostegia correllii (Lamiaceae) and Trillium texanum (Melanthiaceae)". Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas. 16 (2): 591–603. doi:10.17348/jbrit.v16.i2.1270.
- Strong, Anna; Williamson, Paula (28 August 2015). "Data synthesis and species assessments to aid in determining future candidate or listed status for plants from the USFWS lawsuit settlements" (PDF). Texas Parks & Wildlife. Retrieved 5 April 2023.