Toruń Castle is a 13th- or 14th-century castle of the Teutonic Order located in Toruń, Poland. The castle is part of the Medieval Town of Toruń, one of the World Heritage Sites in Poland and Historic Monuments of Poland.[2][1]
| Toruń Castle | |
|---|---|
_2010-07-17_108.jpg) Ruins of the Toruń Castle today | |
| Location | Toruń, Poland |
| Coordinates | 53°00′34″N 18°36′39″E / 53.00944°N 18.61083°E |
| Built | 13th or 14th century |
| Architectural style(s) | Gothic |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | ii, iv |
| Designated | 1997 |
| Part of | Medieval Town of Toruń |
| Reference no. | 835 |
| UNESCO region | Europe |
| Designated | 1994-09-08 |
| Part of | Toruń – Old and New Town |
| Reference no. | M.P. z 1994 r. Nr 50, poz. 422[1] |
  Location of Toruń Castle in Poland | |
History
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The Toruń Castle was one of the first castles built by the order in the territory enfeoffed to them by Duke Konrad I of Masovia.[3] The construction started in the mid 13th century, and continued for about a hundred years.[4] It was the first Teutonic castle in the Chełmno Land.[2] The new town of Toruń grew together with the Teutonic fortifications protecting it. The palace's historic value comes from the fact that it was the base for the Teutonic Knights when they began their first mission to colonize pagan Old Prussians, and subsequently the formation of the Teutonic state. The castle's first known function was as the residence of a Teutonic commander.[5]
Little of the castle survives to the present day, as it has been demolished in centuries since, with much destruction occurring during a town rebellion in 1454.[6][7] The city rebelled on 4 February, and a few days later the small Teutonic garrison negotiated a surrender; they were allowed to leave the castle and the city. Shortly afterward, on 8 February, the castle was plundered, and then the Toruń city council decided that it would be demolished to prevent the Teutonic Knights from reoccupying it.[8] This event marked the beginning of the Thirteen Years' War (1454–66).[2]
The castle was partially excavated, rebuilt and turned into an historical monument in 1966 during the time of the People's Republic of Poland for the 500th anniversary of the Second Peace of Thorn.[2]
Architecture
editUnlike most later Teutonic castles, it was not a four-winged, rectangular conventional castle;[9] instead it had only two wings, laid out in a pattern similar to that of a horseshoe.[2][10]
The largest section of the castle to survive to present day is the garderobe tower (dansker). The tower is located over a stream that joins the nearby Vistula river.[11]
The other section of the former castle remaining today are the cellars. Other sections of the former castle now function as permanent exhibits. The permanent exhibits, which are mostly in the palace's vaults, are displayed in settings such as the armoury, kitchen, dormitory, scriptorium, and the mint.[5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Zarządzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 8 września 1994 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii., M.P., 1994, vol. 50, No. 422
- ^ a b c d e "Zamek krzyżacki Toruń". Turystyka.torun.pl. 2006-03-15. Retrieved 2013-08-14.
- ^ Stephen R. Turnbull (2003). Tannenberg 1410: Disaster for the Teutonic Knights. Osprey Publishing. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-84176-561-7.
- ^ "*** Toruń *** Zamek W Toruniu *** Zamki Polski ***". Zamkipolskie.com. 2005-06-23. Retrieved 2013-08-14.
- ^ a b "Teutonic Castle Ruins". Toruń. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
- ^ Stephen Turnbull (2011). Crusader Castles of the Teutonic Knights (1): The red-brick castles of Prussia 1230?1466. Osprey Publishing. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-78096-217-7.
- ^ Stephen R. Turnbull (2003). Tannenberg 1410: Disaster for the Teutonic Knights. Osprey Publishing. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-84176-561-7.
- ^ Robert Sypek (2000). Zamki i obiekty warowne Państwa Krzyżackiego: Pomezania, Ziemia Sasińska i Ziemia Lubawska. Agencja Wydawnicza CB. ISBN 978-83-86245-49-9. pages unknown, cited after this online fragment
- ^ Harrison, Peter (2004). Castles of God: Fortified Religious Buildings of the World. ISBN 9781843830665. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
- ^ Aleksander Pluskowski (2013). The Archaeology of the Prussian Crusade: Holy War and Colonisation. Routledge. pp. 153–154. ISBN 978-1-136-16281-7.
- ^ Stephen Turnbull (2011). Crusader Castles of the Teutonic Knights (1): The red-brick castles of Prussia 1230?1466. Osprey Publishing. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-78096-217-7.
External links
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- (in Polish) Zamek Krzyżacki (ruiny)
- (in Polish) Ruiny Zamku Krzyżackiego