The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Haifa, Israel.
Prior to 20th century
edit- 1047 – Persian traveler Nasir Khusraw visits village.[1][2][3]
- 1100 or 1101 – a Crusader fleet and land army conquer Haifa. The Crusaders rename it Caiphas.[4][5]
- 1187 – Saladin captures Haifa.[1]
- 1251 – Fortifications built by Louis IX of France (approximate date).[1]
- 1291 – Mamluk Al-Ashraf Khalil captures Haifa.[1]
- 1869 – German Colony established near town.[6]
- 1873 – Najib Effendi al-Yasin becomes mayor.
- 1883 – Rushdi school opens.[7]
- 1887 – Haifa becomes part of the Ottoman Beirut Vilayet.[7]
- 1898 – Pier and Jaffa-Haifa roadway built.[1]
- 1900 - Population: estimate 12,000. [8]
20th century
edit- 1905 – Hejaz Railroad branch begins operating;[6] train station built.[7]
- 1908 – Al-Karmil newspaper begins publication.[9]
- 1909 – Shrine of the Báb built on Mt. Carmel.
- 1912 – Maccabi Haifa sport club formed.
- 1913 – Hebrew Reali School and Maccabi Haifa Football Club established.
- 1918 – 23 September: Haifa occupied by British forces.[1]
- 1921 – Haifa Chamber of Commerce and Industry established.[10]
- 1922 – Population: 24,600.
- 1924
- 1928 – Stella Maris Light built.
- 1931 – Population: 50,403.
- 1933 – Port of Haifa expanded.[1]
- 1934 – Haifa Airport established.
- 1935
- Mosul–Haifa oil pipeline commissioned.
- Armon Cinema opens.[11]
- 1937 – Orah Cinema in business (approximate date).[11]
- 1938 – British Government Hospital established.
- 1939 – Oil refinery built.[1]
- 1941 – Shabtai Levy becomes mayor.
- 1944 – Al-Ittihad newspaper begins publication.
- 1947 – Population: 145,140.
- 1948
- April: Battle of Haifa (1948).[1]
- Haifa becomes part of the State of Israel.[1]
- 1950 – New Haifa Symphony Orchestra established.
- 1951
- Haifa Museum of Art established.
- Abba Hushi becomes mayor.
- Al-Jadid literary journal begins publication.[10]
- 1953 – Gordon College of Education established.
- 1955 – Kiryat Eliezer Stadium opens.
- 1959 – Haifa Underground Funicular Railway begins operating.[10]
- 1960 – Tikotin Museum of Japanese Art opens on Mt. Carmel.
- 1961
- Haifa Theatre founded.
- Population: 183,021.
- 1963 – University of Haifa established.
- 1969
- Technion's Rappaport Faculty of Medicine established.
- Moshe Flimann becomes mayor.
- Clandestine Immigration and Naval Museum opens.
- 1971 – WIZO Haifa Academy of Design and Education established.
- 1972
- IBM Haifa Research Laboratory established.
- Israeli National Maritime Museum opens.
- 1973 – Sister city relationship established with San Francisco, USA.[12]
- 1974
- Matam hi-tech area developed.
- Yosef Almogi becomes mayor.
- 1975
- Haifa Cinematheque established.
- Yeruham Zeisel becomes mayor.
- 1976 – Romema Arena opens.
- 1978 – Aryeh Gur'el becomes mayor.
- 1983
- Haifa International Film Festival begins.
- Israel Railway Museum opens.
- Population: 225,775.
- 1984 – Hecht Museum established.
- 1989 – September: Mount Carmel forest fire (1989).
- 1991 – Lev HaMifratz Mall in business.
- 1993 – Amram Mitzna becomes mayor.
- 1999 – Grand Canyon (mall) and Carmel Beach Railway Station open.
21st century
edit- 2001 – Hutzot HaMifratz Railway Station and Lev HaMifratz Railway Station open.
- 2002
- Sail Tower built.
- Haifa Bay Central Bus Station opens.
- 2003
- Yona Yahav becomes mayor.
- IEC Tower built.
- Carmel Beach Central Bus Station opens.
- 2004 – Almadina newspaper begins publication.
- 2006 – 13 July: Haifa bombarded by Lebanese Hezbollah forces.[13]
- 2008 – Bahá'í World Centre designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- 2010
- December: Mount Carmel forest fire (2010).
- Carmel Tunnels open.
- 2011 – Wikimania 2011 held in Haifa.
- 2012 – Israeli Personal Computer Museum opens.[1]
- 2013 – Population: 272,181.
- 2014 – Sammy Ofer Stadium opens.
- 2016 – November 2016 Israel wildfires[14]
See also
edit- History of Haifa
- Timelines of other cities in Israel: Tel Aviv (+ Jaffa)
- Timeline of Jerusalem
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Bosworth 2007.
- ^ Nasir-i-Khusrau (1881). Charles Schefer (ed.). Sefer nameh; relation du voyage de Nassiri Khosrau en Syrie, en Palestine, en Égypte, en Arabie et en Perse, pendant les années de l'Hégire 437-444 (1035-1042) (in French). Paris: E. Leroux. p. 60. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
- ^ Nasir-i-Khusrau (1897). Le Strange, Guy (ed.). Vol IV. A journey through Syria and Palestine. By Nasir-i-Khusrau [1047 A.D.]. The pilgrimage of Saewulf to Jerusalem. The pilgrimage of the Russian abbot Daniel. Translated by Guy Le Strange. London: Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society. pp. 19–20. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
- ^ Moshe Gil (1992). A History of Palestine, 634–1099. Cambridge University Press. p. 829. ISBN 9780521404372.
- ^ Carmel 2010.
- ^ a b Agoston 2009.
- ^ a b c Yazbak 1998.
- ^ Britannica 1910.
- ^ Philip Mattar (2005). "Chronology". Encyclopedia of the Palestinians. Facts on File. p. 572+. ISBN 978-0-8160-6986-6.
- ^ a b c "Israel: Directory". Europa World Year Book. Taylor & Francis. 2004. p. 2266+. ISBN 978-1-85743-254-1.
- ^ a b "Movie Theaters in Haifa, Israel". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ^ "San Francisco Sister Cities". USA: City & County of San Francisco. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
- ^ Bernard Reich; David H. Goldberg (2008). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Israel. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6403-0.
- ^ Eglash, Ruth (November 24, 2016). "60,000 Israelis evacuated in Haifa as fires continue to rage". The Washington Post.
This article incorporates information from the Hebrew Wikipedia.
Bibliography
edit- "Haifa", Handbook for Travellers in Syria and Palestine, London: J. Murray, 1858, OCLC 2300777
- "Haifa, Sycaminum", Palestine and Syria, Leipsig: Karl Baedeker, 1876
- M. Franco (1907), "Haifa", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 6, New York
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 820.
- Mahmoud Yazbak (1998). Haifa in the Late Ottoman Period, 1864–1914: A Muslim Town in Transition. Brill. ISBN 90-04-11051-8.
- May Seikaly (2000). Haifa: Transformation of an Arab Society, 1918–39. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85771-842-6.
- Philip Mattar (2005). "Haifa". Encyclopedia of the Palestinians. Facts on File. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-8160-6986-6.
- C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Haifa". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. p. 149+. ISBN 978-9004153882.
- Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Haifa", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO
- Gabor Agoston and Bruce Alan Masters, ed. (2009). "Haifa". Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. Facts on File. p. 246. ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7.
- Alex Carmel (2010). Ottoman Haifa: A History of Four Centuries under Turkish Rule. Library of Middle East History (Book 2). London: I. B. Tauris. p. 2 of the Introduction. ISBN 9781848855601.
External links
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haifa.
- Map of Haifa (1958), via the University of Texas
- Items related to Haifa (various dates), via Europeana
- Items related to Haifa (various dates), via the Digital Public Library of America