Wikipedia

Tim Smith (Cardiacs)

Timothy Charles Smith (3 July 1961 – 21 July 2020) was an English musician, record producer and music video director. A singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist, Smith rose to prominence as the frontman of the rock band Cardiacs,[5] which he co-founded with his brother Jim.[6] In addition to Cardiacs, Smith led, co-led or contributed to The Sea Nymphs, Panixphere, Tim Smith's Extra Special OceanLandWorld and Spratleys Japs. Recognised for the particular complexity, skill and idiosyncrasies of his songs and music, Smith was honoured with the Doctor of Music degree from the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland in 2018, two years before his death in 2020.

Tim Smith
Smith with Cardiacs at The Garage in 1999
Born
Timothy Charles Smith

(1961-07-03)3 July 1961
Carshalton, Surrey, England
Died21 July 2020(2020-07-21) (aged 59)
Occupations
  • Musician
  • singer
  • songwriter
  • producer
  • video director
Spouse
Sarah Cutts
​
​
(m. 1983, divorced)​
[a]
RelativesJim Smith (brother)
Musical career
OriginChessington, Surrey
Genres
Instruments
  • Vocals
  • guitars
  • keyboards
  • bass
Years active1975–2008
LabelsAlphabet Business Concern
Formerly of

Smith was also a producer of records or promotional videos for acts including Oceansize, Sepultura, Dark Star, The Frank and Walters, Sidi Bou Said, Eat, The Scaramanga Six and Wildhearts frontman Ginger.

Early life

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Timothy Charles Smith[7][8] was born on 3 July 1961 in Carshalton, Surrey, England.[9] He grew up in Chessington where he was primarily raised by his mother Eileen, a dinner lady at the primary school he attended with his older brother Jim. His father Ernie, a big band jazz trumpeter, died suddenly when Smith was 3.[7][10] He and Jim acquired an interest in music around 1972 from their neighbourhood friend Geoff Shelton buying an electric guitar.[11] Jim Smith bought a bass guitar so that he and Geoff could play a blues riff together, while Smith owned a snare drum and would drum with them. The next year, Shelton lent Smith an LP on how to play the guitar, teaching him to play the G chord during a visit. Smith learnt the song "Frankie and Johnny", and played it whilst his mum sang. Around the same time, he heard a section on a record that "[made] his stomach go funny and [gave] him goosebumps". It changed his perception of music,[11] and may have inspired the sound of his compositions. After that, Jim stopped playing bass until 1977.

Some songs written by Smith at around age 13, notably "Interlude" from their debut album and "Billion" from Sing to God, would later be made into Cardiacs tracks.[12] In an interview, Smith commented about his songs written at a young age:

It depends on what year they were done, but we were really only youngsters then. A few songs have popped up on the later albums that I wrote when I was about thirteen. The one on Sing to God called "Billion", I did it when I was thirteen. Sometimes I put an old one on that I made when I was little, just for luck. "Interlude" on A Little Man and a House ... is another one. I just found it laying around on a bit of paper and thought "Ah, let's stick that one on it!" It's all for superstitious reasons, really.[12]

Smith attended Fleetwood Secondary School in Chessington with his friend Colvin Mayers. There, he met Mark Cawthra and Peter Tagg, who would later play in Cardiacs. In 1975, Smith and Cawthra formed an unnamed group with organist David Philpot. They played instrumentals inspired by Egg. The band never played live and Dave Philpot died a few years later. His miniKORG synthesiser was later inherited by Cardiacs.[11]

Cawthra was suspended from school and, after staying at the Kaleidoscope hostel in Kingston, moved to York. During that time, he and Smith would send each other tapes of unkind songs they had written for each other.[11]

Career

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Cardiacs formation, demos and line-up changes: 1977–1984

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In 1975, Smith began his musical career after forming a nameless band at school in which he played guitar.[13] He played his first gig at the age of 16 as Gazunder alongside the Sound frontman Adrian Borland and rock drummer Bruce Bizland at Surbiton Assembly Rooms,[11][14] which sounded like the rock instrumentals on David Bowie's The Man Who Sold the World (1970), [15] and drew inspiration for his first guitar experiments after having briefly played bass before passing the task to Jim. Smith formed the band that would become Cardiacs in 1977 as the Filth, sometimes misremembered as "Philip Pilf and the Filth".[11] The same year, the Filth wrote the song "Icky Qualms" and played their first gig the Kaleidoscope hostel, "a hostel for misfits and that".[11] Smith formed the group with Peter Tagg on drums, Jim on bass, Michael Pugh on lead vocals and originally took on guitar and backing vocal duties.[16]

In 1979, Smith helped record a 7", "A Bus for a Bus on the Bus", at Elephant Studios in London.[17] 1980 saw Smith recording the first and only Cardiac Arrest album, The Obvious Identity.[9] Eventually, 1000 cassettes were recorded, but only sold at concerts to save on expenditure.[18] Smith also played keyboards with the band.[19] Smith became the frontman after Pugh and Tagg left the project,[16] and would contribute keyboards in addition to vocals and guitar.[20]

Smith decided to change the name of the band to Cardiacs in 1981. He helped record the band's first album, Toy World, in the same manner as the Cardiac Arrest album – on cassette tape – at a small basement studio known as Crow Studios.[11] After another line up change, Smith recruited Tim Quy (percussion), Sarah Cutts (saxophone) and Dominic Luckman (drums).[21]

Studio years, side projects and solo work: 1984–2008

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Smith with Cardiacs in 2007

The label Alphabet Business Concern was created in 1984.[11] Smith was asked by vocalist Fish to support his band Marillion on their forthcoming tour near the end of the year. Smith agreed but was not prepared for the hostile audience that awaited them on all legs of the tour (forcing them off the final three days of the tour).[22] From then until 1999, Cardiacs released six studio albums, as well as a number of singles, EPs and live albums.[21]

During the 1990s, Smith took a break from Cardiacs to work on various other projects. During 1989 and 1991, he wrote songs for a solo album, Tim Smith's Extra Special OceanLandWorld, eventually released in 1995.[23] Smith, his ex-wife Sarah Smith, and William D. Drake were reunited as The Sea Nymphs, a "gentler" version of Cardiacs; they had recorded before in 1984 and released a cassette album, Mr and Mrs Smith and Mr Drake.[24] Smith also performed with Jo Spratley in Spratleys Japs, who released their album Pony in 1999.[25]

In March 2006, Smith toured with Ginger & The Sonic Circus as their support act, performing acoustic versions of Cardiacs' songs, along with his own material.[26] Cardiacs released their only single of the 2000s, "Ditzy Scene", in 2007.[27]

Illness: 2008–2020

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On 25 June 2008,[28] Smith had a heart attack after attending a gig by My Bloody Valentine. Bandmate Kavus Torabi remembers "making up the spare room and going to bed, expecting [Smith] to arrive in a taxi, but he never came."[29]

Smith's heart attack had triggered a major stroke and an episode of cerebral anoxia[30][4] which was treated in intensive care at University College Hospital. Although there was some initial optimism[31][29] - according to Craig Fortnam, "he was sat up in bed and smiling",[29] - Smith was thought to have had had a second stroke in hospital a few days later while he recuperated. This in turn caused brain damage through hypoxia, which left him paralysed down one side of the body and unable to speak.[31] He was eventually diagnosed with the rare neurological condition dystonia, which causes muscles to contract uncontrollably.[32][33][34][35][31][30]

As an outcome of his injuries and subsequent condition, Smith was denied movement and speech, prompting him to retire from live performances.[36][37] Cardiacs went on an indefinite hiatus following his hospitalisation, leaving the LSD album unfinished.[38][39]

In 2013, 2015 and 2017, events dubbed The Alphabet Business Convention were held in celebration of and with all proceeds funding Smith (who attended) and his ongoing recovery. Among other things, they featured live music from bands within the Cardiacs' circle.[40][41][42]

In July 2016, a special one-day concert took place in Preston, called The Whole World Window with all the funds going towards helping Smith get better. A cassette and CD album of the same name were also released via Hyena Inc containing performances by the same bands.[43]

In January 2018 an appeal was launched on the crowdfunding website JustGiving with the aim of raising £40,000 to fund Smith's ongoing care. The target amount was exceeded in the first day and a new target of £100,000 was set to provide for a year's care.[29][44]

On 25 October 2018, Smith received the honorary degree of Doctor of Music from the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland. His brother Jim accepted the honour on his behalf.[45] Notable musicians including JG Thirwell, Craig Fortnam, Mike Vennart, Shane Embury, and Cardiacs' own Kavus Torabi paid tribute following this event.[46]

Further fundraising events were held in 2018 and 2019, featuring live music from Cardiacs members and related bands, film screenings and interviews, with Tim Smith sporadically in attendance.[47][48][49][50]

During his illness, Tim nevertheless was able to supervise production and recording of some of his unfinished musical projects.[51][52] He made several interviews during this period, and gave messages to fans.[53][46][54] The 2020 remaster of A Little Man and a House and the Whole World Window, released in 2023, was Tim Smith's last task before his death.[55]

Death

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Smith died on the evening of 21 July 2020 at the age of 59, following another heart attack.[14] His death was announced by his brother and bandmate Jim Smith and bandmate Kavus Torabi.[56] A raft of luminaries paid tribute: Mike Patton sent "tons of love" to Smith, noting that his musical ethos was conducted "independently and with no apologies", whilst Devin Townsend called him "one of the finest ever" and Napalm Death bassist Shane Embury, known for his fast, frantic playing, cited Cardiacs as causing him to write speedier riffs.[57] Other bands and artists including the Magic Numbers, Calling All Astronauts, Chris Catalyst, Dutch Uncles, Porcupine Tree frontman Steven Wilson, Graham Coxon of Blur, Voivod guitarist Dan "Chewy" Mongrain, Pinback frontman Rob Crow, JG Thirlwell of Foetus, Oceansize frontman Mike Vennart, electronic musician Max Tundra, industrial metal band Pitchshifter, Silvery, writer and musician Rhodri Marsden, Ginger Wildheart, as well as television and radio personality Matthew Wright, also paid tribute on social media.[13][58]

Work as producer and video director

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Smith owned and operated his own recording studio Apollo 8 (at various locations, with the final one being near Salisbury, Wiltshire) and had a long list of production credits to his name.[59] Since the early 1990s, Smith produced recordings for a variety of musicians and musical groups, many of whom belong to the so-called "Cardiacs family". These include Levitation, Sidi Bou Said, Eat, The Monsoon Bassoon, Wildhearts frontman Ginger[60][61] (including his Silver Ginger 5 and Howling Willie Cunt projects), Stars in Battledress, Oceansize,[62] William D. Drake, the Shrubbies, The Scaramanga Six[63][64][65] and The Trudy.[66]

Smith created and/or edited pop videos for various bands including Sepultura, Dark Star, Zu and The Frank and Walters, as well as Cardiacs.[67] In 2008, Smith created a film called The Wildhearts Live in the Studio: A Film By Tim Smith, featuring The Wildhearts playing their self-titled album along with surreal interludes.[68]

Influences and interests

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Smith has declared a fondness for musical acts such as Genesis, Gentle Giant, Split Enz, XTC, Devo, Sparks, Magazine, Queen, Mr. Bungle, Naked City, My Bloody Valentine, Foetus, Pixies, Roxy Music, Faust, Tom Waits, Blur, Supergrass, Frank Zappa, The Monkees, Can, The Gasman, The Beach Boys, The Beatles, The Incredible String Band, The White Noise, Everything Everything as well as the orchestral work of Charles Ives and Ralph Vaughan Williams, and composers like Philip Glass and Steve Reich.[3] Smith was also reportedly fascinated with the music of Tom and Jerry cartoons.

"I don’t know what influences [Cardiacs] really, I wouldn’t say that we are influenced by any actual bands in particular, I’ve got no bones about musically ripping someone else’s band off though…. I’ve definitely nicked bits and pieces here and there, I don’t mind if they don’t mind…. I remember working on one song we did a little while ago which was based just on the memory of a song I heard by someone else way back when I was about 14 years old, trouble was that it ended up quite similar to the original, I didn’t care, but the audacity of it raised a few wiggly eyebrows, the actual tune I wrote was totally different and all that… but the atmosphere was very similar, which pleased me as it was that which I was trying to rekindle…. I thought my memory of it had twisted the atmosphere into this new creature, but as it turned out my memory wasn’t that bad… but so what, tunes are for borrowing, you give them all back in the end.

‘Influences’ come more from random or abstract things… like I might walk past a radio playing something nice in somebodies window…. or I’ll hear a ghost in the bushes, or whatever, and I’ll think ‘oooh I’ll do a song like that’ but it’ll twist into something totally different in the end….but I do like DEVO and I think Jim Feotus [sic] and Zappa are genius and Gentle Giant have there moments of total unique brilliance (and moments of embarrassing grimness as well, like anyone unfortunately) but I can’t say that they influence us any more than a crow on a stump does."[69] -Margen Magazine (Spain) April 2001, Tim Smith Interview

Personal life

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Smith married Sarah Cutts on 23 July 1983,[70] who had joined Cardiacs as a multi-instrumentalist in 1980.[33] The pair separated in the early 1990s and the marriage ended in divorce, with Sarah leaving Cardiacs in 1990 to "be a full-time witch and live in the woods with the snails" whilst remaining in the Sea Nymphs.[1] Smith's later partners included Joanne Spratley,[4] Sarah Maher[29] and Emily Jones.[7]

Discography

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See also: Cardiacs discography and The Sea Nymphs (band) § Discography

Solo

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Appearances

  • Sampler (1995) by Cardiacs ("Veronica in Ecstacy")
  • If You Break It, It's Yours! (1997) by Katherine in a Cupboard ("Shiny Things", credited as T. Smith)
  • Cardiacs and Affectionate Friends (2001) ("Swimming with the Sanke", credited to Oceanland World or OceanLandWorld)

Filmography

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Year Title Role Notes
1985 Pirates of the Panasoniks Himself Music video compilation, segment Little Man and A House
1985 Seaside Treats Himself Short film, producer, director
1992 All That Glitters Is a Mare's Nest Himself
2015 I Can See A Murder Himself Music video for The Scaramanga Six, studio footage
2017 Some Fairytales From the Rotten Shed Himself Editor, director

Notes

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  1. ^ Separated in the early 1990s[1]

References

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  1. ^ a b Tucker, Alexander (17 July 2014). "Forgotten Classics: Mr & Mrs Smith and Mr Drake". Fact. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  2. ^ Marsden, Rhodri (22 July 2020). "Cardiacs' Tim Smith: a one-man subculture who inspired total devotion". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  3. ^ a b Quietus, The (3 July 2022). "The Strange (Parallel) World of… Tim Smith Of Cardiacs". The Quietus. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  4. ^ a b c Sgrignoli, Marco (20 July 2022). "Cardiacs - biografia, recensioni, streaming, discografia, foto". Ondarock [it] (in Italian). Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  5. ^ Cashmore, Pete (2 June 2015). "Cult heroes: Tim Smith led the Cardiacs in the face of hatred – and much love". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  6. ^ "Tim Smith The Frontman Of British Rock Band Cardiacs Has Died". surgezirc.co.uk. 22 July 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  7. ^ a b c "Tim Smith obituary". The Times. 18 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  8. ^ Richards, Sam (2 September 2020). "Hear a previously unreleased Cardiacs song, "Vermin Mangle"". Uncut. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  9. ^ a b Larkin, Colin (1992). The Guinness encyclopedia of popular music. Vol. 1. Guinness Publishing. p. 413. ISBN 9780851129396.
  10. ^ Unsworth, Cathi (23 May 2024). "Low Culture Essay: Cathi Unsworth on the Magic of Cardiacs' Tim Smith". The Quietus.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Cardiacs history". cardiacs.net. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  12. ^ a b "Dancing About Architecture: the PIEmag Cardiacs Interview". thecorroseum.org. Archived from the original on 14 August 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  13. ^ a b Gillespie, Tom (22 July 2020). "Tim Smith dies aged 59: Tributes paid to Cardiacs frontman". Sky News. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  14. ^ a b Kitching, Sean (24 July 2020). "Remembering Tim Smith Of Cardiacs". The Quietus. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
  15. ^ Sacher, Andrew (23 July 2020). "The Essentiality of Cardiacs' 'A Little Man and a House and the Whole World Window'". BrooklynVegan. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  16. ^ a b Eede, Christian (22 July 2020). "Cardiacs' Tim Smith Has Died, Aged 59". The Quietus. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  17. ^ "A Bus for a Bus for a Bus". Album of the Year. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  18. ^ "The Obvious Identity". ProgArchives. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  19. ^ Hobson, Rob (2 September 2021). "Shane Embury: My Life In 10 Songs". Metal Hammer. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  20. ^ Hobson, Rob (2 September 2021). "Shane Embury: My Life In 10 Songs". Metal Hammer. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  21. ^ a b Phillips, Lance (2003). "The Cardiacs". In Buckley, Peter (ed.). The Rough Guide to Rock (3rd ed.). London: Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-85828-457-6.
  22. ^ Cashmore, Pete (2 June 2015). "Cult heroes: Tim Smith led the Cardiacs in the face of hatred – and much love". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  23. ^ "Time Smith's Extra Special OceanLandWorld". Alphabet Business Concern. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  24. ^ "The Sea Nymphs". The Quietus. 2 November 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  25. ^ "Spratleys Japs". The Quietus. 20 December 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  26. ^ "Ginger & the Sonic Circus – Rescue Rooms, Nottingham, England, UK". livemusicreview.co.uk. 27 March 2006. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  27. ^ "Kavus Torabi's Guide To Cardiacs". teamrock.com. 11 August 2014. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  28. ^ "Cardiacs News Archive". Cardiacs Official Website. 16 July 2008. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  29. ^ a b c d e Marsden, Rhodri (8 January 2018). "Tim Smith, the Cardiacs singer hoping to overcome brain injury". i. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
  30. ^ a b Mr. Spencer (20 April 2011). "The Cardiacs - an epic overview by Mr. Spencer with help from Damon Albarn, Graham Coxon and Captain Sensible". Louder Than War. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  31. ^ a b c Gittins, Ian (3 February 2011). "Cardiacs tribute album to raise money for paralysed singer Tim Smith". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  32. ^ Kitching, Sean (24 July 2020). "Remembering Tim Smith Of Cardiacs". The Quietus. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  33. ^ a b Beaumont-Thomas, Ben (22 July 2020). "Tim Smith, frontman of cult band Cardiacs, dies aged 59". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  34. ^ Nugent, Annabel (22 July 2020). "Tim Smith death: Cardiacs frontman dies aged 59". The Independent. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  35. ^ "Tim Smith Health Statement 2018". Cardiacs.net. 2018. Retrieved 19 October 2018.
  36. ^ Lawson, Dom (21 August 2020). "Tim Smith". Prog. Retrieved 7 August 2022 – via PressReader.
  37. ^ Reilly, Nick (22 July 2020). "The Cardiacs' Tim Smith has died at the age of 59". NME. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  38. ^ "Tim Smith, the lead singer of Cardiacs, has died aged 59". Far Out Magazine. 22 July 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  39. ^ Richards, Sam (22 July 2020). "Cardiacs frontman Tim Smith has died, aged 59". Uncut. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  40. ^ "The Alphabet Business Convention". Salisbury Arts Centre. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  41. ^ "The Alphabet Business Convention. Salisbury Arts Centre. Saturday 2nd May 2015". williamddrake.wordpress.com. 7 April 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  42. ^ "The Alphabet Business Convention". Knifeworld.co.uk. 16 March 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  43. ^ "The Whole World Window – A Benefit for Tim Smith". New Continental.net. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  44. ^ "Weʼre raising £100,000 to fund Tim Smith's healthcare costs for one year".
  45. ^ "Tim Smith Interview". The Quietus. 9 November 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  46. ^ a b Quietus, The (9 January 2018). "Tim Smith Of Cardiacs Talks About His Illness". The Quietus. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  47. ^ "Salisbury Extravaganza! A Spring Symposium -". cardiacs.org. 10 May 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  48. ^ "The Cardiacs Whole World Window Festival - Preston 2018". cardiacs.org. 3 August 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  49. ^ "Cardiacs Benefit Gig 2018 - Spratleys, Knifeworld & Zoff". cardiacs.org. 30 November 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  50. ^ "Cardiacs Salisbury Benefit Gig 2019 - Tim Smith Tribute". cardiacs.org. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  51. ^ Rowden, Jez (8 November 2016). "The Sea Nymphs – On the Dry Land". T P A. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  52. ^ Dalton, Stephen (8 September 2023). "Cardiacs – A Little Man And A House And The Whole World Window". UNCUT. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  53. ^ Hughespublished, Rob (28 November 2016). "After seven years away, the Sea Nymphs have come back to life". louder. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  54. ^ Quietus, The (9 November 2018). "INTERVIEW: Cardiacs' Tim Smith". The Quietus. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  55. ^ McIver, Joel (1 February 2024). "Heart of the Matter". Record Collector (554). Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via PressReader.
  56. ^ Beaumont-Thomas, Ben (22 July 2020). "Tim Smith, frontman of cult band Cardiacs, dies aged 59". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  57. ^ Hickie, James (4 May 2021). "10 indie albums that influenced heavy metal". Kerrang!. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  58. ^ Sacher, Andrew (22 July 2020). "mems of Faith No More, Porcupine Tree, Blur, Voivod, Pinback & more pay tribute to Cardiacs' Tim Smith". BrooklynVegan. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  59. ^ "Tim Smith Discography: Production Credits". Discogs. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  60. ^ de Sylvia, Dave (11 February 2007). "Ginger - Yoni (album review )". Sputnikmusic. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  61. ^ Hobson, Rich (6 August 2021). "Ginger Wildheart: my life in 10 songs | Louder". Metal Hammer. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  62. ^ Lynham, Alex (12 November 2017). "Oceansize - Effloresce album review". Prog. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  63. ^ Jarvis, Toby (13 June 2005). "Single Review: The Scaramanga Six - Horrible Face / Releases / Releases". Drowned in Sound. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  64. ^ Kitching, Sean (9 August 2013). "Live Report: The Scaramanga Six". The Quietus. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  65. ^ Haslam, Martin (4 August 2015). "The Scaramanga Six: The Terrifying Dream - album review". Louder Than War. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  66. ^ "Interview in Marden Magazine, 2001". cardiacs.net. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  67. ^ "Tim Smith Discography: Visual Credits". Discogs. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  68. ^ "Discography". The Wildhearts. August 2009. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  69. ^ "The home of CARDIACS on the World Wide Web". CARDIACS. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  70. ^ Jones, Sarah (23 July 2020). "It was 37 years today - beautiful then, now and forever". Retrieved 18 July 2024 – via Facebook.
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