Thomas Chirnside (1815–1887) was a pastoralist
Background
editIn 1815, Thomas Chirnside was born to Robert and Mary (née Fairs) Chirnside in the Scottish village of Cockburnspath.[1] In the 1820s and the 1830s, thousands of Scots were spurred on by poverty and famine to try and make a living in colonial Australia. Scottish squatters and rural workers started farms.[2] In January 1839, Thomas Chirnside arrived in Adelaide with a Bible from his mother and several hundred pounds from his father. Thomas had told his parents that he would only return home if he became a rich and respected man, before boarding the Bardaster in Liverpool.[3]
Thomas was raising sheep on the Murrumbidgee by April, but drought forced him to abandon his flock. He joined his itinerant brother, Andrew, in Melbourne,[1] and the two set about finding a good place to settle.[3]
In April 1842, the brothers established a station in the Grampians, and that same year Thomas acquired a station on the Wannon River, where he was one of the first to employ Aboriginal People. In the mid-1840s the brothers acquired a series of properties in the Western District of Victoria.[1]
The elder Chirnside settled in Werribee, Victoria, just before the gold rushes, eventually buying 80,000 acres (320 km²) of land. He built a substantial bluestone house surrounded by a ha ha wall, and later, in the 1870s, the sandstone Italianate Werribee Park Mansion.
On 2 September 1853, he purchased, through a government grant, Section 14, in the Parish of Cut Paw Paw, County of Bourke. The allotment was 89 acres (36 ha), which is now the Melbourne suburb of Kingsville.
From 1857 to 1859, Thomas Chirnside was a member of the Philosophical Institute of Victoria, and of the Royal Society of Victoria from 1860 to 1866. He was a strict Sabbatarian, allowing no work on his properties on Sundays. He donated an acre (0.4 ha) of land and £100 for the first Presbyterian Church in Werribee and, in February 1884, he laid the foundation stone of the second one. He and his brother, Andrew Spencer Chirnside, gave £1000 to Ormond College at the University of Melbourne.[1] Thomas and his brother, Andrew Spencer Chirnside, bought Skibo Castle, located to the west of Dornoch in Sutherland, Scotland, and the surrounding 20,000 acres for £125,000 in 1868 and lived there until they sold it in 1871 for £130,000[4].
In 1887, suffering from depression, Thomas Chirnside committed suicide with a shotgun in the garden of the Werribee Park Mansion.[5][6] Andrew Spencer Chirnside inherited the property, but died three years later.[1]
A primary school in Werribee has been named in Thomas's honour.[7]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Hone, J. Ann. "Chirnside, Thomas (1815–1887)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
- ^ "Immigration History from Scotland to Victoria". Origins. Museums Victoria. 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ a b Hewitson, Jim (1998). Far Off in Sunlit Places: Stories of the Scots in Australia and New Zealand. Edinburgh: Canongate Books. pp. 56–57. ISBN 9780862417758.
- ^ "Wool Past the Winning Post, A history of the Chirnside family" by Heather B Ronald. Published in Australia by Wilke and Company. 1978. ISBN Number 9596522 0 5. Pages 79-82
- ^ "Sad Death of Mr. Thomas Chirnside". The Argus. 27 June 1887. Retrieved 6 October 2015 – via Trove.
- ^ McCrory, Phil; Kelleher, Tony. "The Chirnsides". Archived from the original on 15 December 2003. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
- ^ "Thomas Chirnside Primary School". thomaschirnsideps.vic.edu.au/. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
Further reading
editHone, J. Ann (1969). "Chirnside, Thomas (1815–1887)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 19 September 2014. Wool Past the Winning Post by Heather B Ronald A History of the Chirnside Family published by Landvale Enterprises 1978