The German White Book (German: Das Deutsche Weißbuch) was a series of propaganda publications by the WWI German government. The full title of the 1914 version was "The German White Book about the outbreak of the German-Russian-French war" and documents German claims on the causes of the war.[a][1] An authorized English translation appeared in 1914.[2] The book contained extracts of diplomatic material intended to portray the war's cause as defensive on the part of Germany. A second White Book, "The conduct of the Belgian People's War in violation of international law" [b][3] was published on 10 May 1915 in response to the Bryce committee report into German atrocities in Belgium, though it was already in preparation eight months earlier. This book featured manipulated testimony intended to show that German actions were the result of Belgian guerilla warfare. It was not found convincing by most outside readers[4][5] though it found a second life with revisionists after the war.[6]
Other combatants in the war published similar books: The Blue Book of Britain,[1] The Orange Book of Russia,[1][7] and the Yellow Book of France.[8]
The 1914 book comprised two sections:
- "How Russia and Her Ruler Betrayed Germany's Confidence and Thereby Caused the European War"
- "How the German-Franco Conflict Might have been Avoided"
and an Appendix with communications between Prince Lichnowsky and Sir Edward Grey.
In a report for the parliamentary investigative committee on the question of Germany's guilt in triggering World War I, Hermann Kantorowicz examined the White Book and reported that about 75 percent of the documents presented in it were falsified, with the goal of denying Germany's responsibility for the outbreak of World War I.[9]
See also
editWorks cited
edit- Kantorowicz, Hermann; Geiss, Imanuel (1967). Gutachten zur Kriegsschuldfrage 1914 [Report on the War guilt question 1914] (in German). Frankfurt: Europäische Verlagsanstalt. OCLC 654661194. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- Kempe, Hans (2008). Der Vertrag von Versailles und seine Folgen: Propagandakrieg gegen Deutschland [The Treaty of Versailles and its Consequences: Propaganda War against Germany]. Vaterländischen Schriften (in German). Vol. 7 Kriegschuldlüge 1919 [War Guilt Lies 1919]. Mannheim: Reinhard Welz Vermittler Verlag e.K. ISBN 978-3-938622-16-2. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
References
edit- Notes
- Footnotes
- ^ a b c "German White Book". United Kingdom: The National Archives. Archived from the original on July 22, 2004. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
- ^ Germany. Auswärtiges Amt (1914). The German White-book: Authorized Translation. Documents Relating to the Outbreak of the War, with Supplements. Liebheit & Thiesen. OCLC 1158533. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- ^ Huebsch, B.W. (1921). The German Army in Belgium: The White Book of May 1915.
- ^ de Zayas, Alfred (1989). The Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau, 1939–1945. pp. 5–6. ISBN 0-8032-9908-7.
- ^ Lipkes, Jeff (2007). Rehearsals: The German Army in Belgium, August 1914. pp. 581–583.
- ^ Lipkes 2007, pp. 607–652.
- ^ Kempe 2008, vol.7, p.18.
- ^ Kempe 2008, vol.7, p.19.
- ^ Kantorowicz & Geiss 1967.
Further reading
edit- Beer, Max (1915). "Das Regenbogen-Buch": deutsches Wiessbuch, österreichisch-ungarisches Rotbuch, englisches Blaubuch, französisches Gelbbuch, russisches Orangebuch, serbisches Blaubuch und belgisches Graubuch, die europäischen Kriegsverhandlungen [The Rainbow Book: German White Book, Austrian-Hungarian Red Book, English Blue Book, French Yellow Book, Russian Orange Book, Serbian Blue Book and Belgian Grey Book, the European war negotiations]. Bern: F. Wyss. pp. 16–. OCLC 9427935. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- France. Ministère des affaires étrangères; Commission de publication des documents relatifs aux origines de la guerre de 1914 (1936). Documents diplomatiques français (1871-1914) [French diplomatic documents]. Vol. Tome X, (17 mars-23 juillet 1914) (3e Série, (1911-1914) ed.). Imprimerie Nationale. OCLC 769058353.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - France. Ministère des affaires étrangères; Commission de publication des documents relatifs aux origines de la guerre de 1914 (1936). Documents diplomatiques français (1871-1914) [French diplomatic documents]. Vol. Tome XI, (24 juillet-4 août 1914) (3e Série, (1911-1914) ed.). Imprimerie Nationale. OCLC 769062659.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - Germany. Auswärtiges Amt (1914). The German White-book: Authorized Translation. Documents Relating to the Outbreak of the War, with Supplements. Liebheit & Thiesen. OCLC 1158533. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- Hartwig, Matthias (12 May 2014). "Colour books". In Bernhardt, Rudolf; Bindschedler, Rudolf; Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law (eds.). Encyclopedia of Public International Law. Vol. 9 International Relations and Legal Cooperation in General Diplomacy and Consular Relations. Amsterdam: North-Holland. pp. 26–. ISBN 978-1-4832-5699-3. OCLC 769268852. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- Horne, John, and Alan Kramer. German atrocities, 1914: a history of denial (Yale University Press, 2001).
- Huebsch, B.W. The German Army in Belgium: The White Book of May 1915 (1921).
- Schmitt, Bernadotte E. (1 April 1937). "France and the Outbreak of the World War". Foreign Affairs. 26 (3). Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 25 November 2018. Retrieved 5 October 2020.