The Tesla Powerpack was a rechargeable lithium-ion battery stationary energy storage product, intended for use by businesses or on smaller projects from power utilities. The device was manufactured by Tesla Energy, the clean energy subsidiary of Tesla, Inc. The Powerpack stores electricity for time of use load shifting, backup power, demand response, microgrids, renewable energy integration, frequency regulation, and voltage control. The first prototype Powerpacks were installed in 2012 at the locations of a few industrial customers. After July 22, 2022, the product was no longer listed for sale.
 Tesla Powerpack batteries at a Supercharger station | |
| Type | Battery energy storage device |
|---|---|
| Inception | 2012 |
| Manufacturer | Tesla Energy |
| Available | No |
| Last production year | 2022 |
| Website | tesla.com/powerpack (archived) |
Tesla Energy also offers other battery energy storage devices: the Powerwall, intended for home use, and the Megapack, intended for electrical grid use.
History
editAs Tesla, Inc. developed batteries for its electric car business, the company also started experimenting with using batteries for energy storage. Starting in 2012, Tesla installed prototype battery packs (to later be called the Powerpack) at the locations of a few industrial customers.[1] The batteries allowed customers to store energy to be used for peak shaving, load shifting, backup power, demand response, microgrids, renewable power integration, frequency regulation, and voltage control.[2] Using these techniques, some early customers were able to reduce their electrical bill by 20%.[3]
In November 2013, Tesla announced that it would build Giga Nevada, a factory to produce lithium-ion batteries, like those used in the Powerpack.[4][5]
The success of the early Powerpack installations led Tesla to announce in April 2015 that it would apply its technology to a home energy storage system, the Powerwall.[6]
Powerpack specifications
editThe Powerpack is a bigger unit with 100 kWh (first generation) and 210 kWh (2nd generation) of storage for commercial and utility grid use. To meet the variety of energy needs in industry, "Powerpack is infinitely scalable", said Elon Musk.[7] The late 2016 Powerpack 2 probably uses 21700 cells.[8] As of March 2020, the 232 kWh version with inverter cost $172,707.[9]
| Model | Technology | Capacity (kWh) | Wh per US$ | US$ per kWh | Operating temp. | Weight | Dimensions, H × W × D | Max DC Voltage | Max DC Current | Max DC Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Powerpack 1 | Lithium-ion | 100 | 2.13 | 470 | - | - | 218.5 cm × 82.2 cm × 130.8 cm (86.0 in × 32.4 in × 51.5 in) | |||
| Powerpack 2 | Lithium-ion | 200 | 2.51 | 398[10] | −22 to 122 °F (−30 to 50 °C) | 3,575 lb (1,622 kg) | 218.5 cm × 82.2 cm × 130.8 cm (86.0 in × 32.4 in × 51.5 in) | |||
| Powerpack 2 4HR | Lithium-ion | 210 | −22 to 122 °F (−30 to 50 °C) | 4,762 lb (2,160 kg) | 218.5 cm × 82.2 cm × 130.8 cm (86.0 in × 32.4 in × 51.5 in) | 960 VDC | 66 A | 55 kW |
Examples of Powerpack installation
editTesla installed a grid storage facility for Southern California Edison with a capacity of 80 MWh at a power of 20 MW between September 2016 and December 2016. As of January 2017[update] the storage unit was one of the largest accumulator batteries on the market. Tesla installed 400 Powerpack-2 modules at the Mira Loma transformer station in California. The battery storage serves to store energy at a low network load and then to feed this energy back into the grid at peak load. The principal way of adding peak generation capacity prior to this was the use of gas-fired power stations.[11][12] As of 2019[update], the 100 MW/129 MWh Hornsdale Power Reserve in Australia is the world's largest lithium-ion battery.
Market
editAt the announcement, a larger battery called Powerpack—storing 100 kWh of electrical energy—was projected to be available for industrial consumers,[when?] reaching a price point of $250/kWh.[clarification needed] The Powerpack was projected to comprise the majority of stationary storage production at Gigafactory 1 while Powerwall would play a smaller part, giving Tesla a profit margin of 20 percent.[13][14][15]
Price tendency
editIn September 2016, Tesla priced the Powerpack at $445/kWh, and a system with 200 kWh of energy and 100 kW of peak power was the cheapest available priced at $145,100. A bi-directional 250 kW inverter costs $52,500.[16] By October 2016, a limited system of Powerpack 2 cost $398/kWh.[10] A 22 MWh system can cost €15 million.[17]
Volume tendency
editMusk predicted in 2016 that the utility power will need to increase to supply more electric vehicles, eventually reaching an equilibrium with about 1/3 of power coming from distributed energy and 2/3 from utilities.[18] Battery storage is one of the ways to mitigate the increasing duck curve, particularly in California.[19][20]
Competition
editBYD's energy storage system is another competitor of Tesla's Powerpack. UC San Diego installed this system, which has 5 megawatt-hour (MWh) capacity—enough to power 2,500 homes—in September 2014.[21] BYD is a large supplier of rechargeable batteries, and is also known for its leading position in electric buses.[22][23][24]
Sonnen and AutoGrid collaborated on combining house batteries into a large-scale utility-level grid storage system.[25][26] Eos claimed a battery price of $160/kWh in 2017, before the cost of integration by Siemens.[27]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Terdiman, Daniel (June 25, 2015). "How Tesla's Commercial Batteries Have Changed The Future...For Winemakers?". Fast Company. US. Retrieved May 29, 2016.
- ^ "Powerpack - Commercial & Utility Energy Storage Solutions | Tesla". www.tesla.com. Retrieved February 5, 2020.
- ^ Terdiman, Daniel (June 25, 2015). "How Tesla's Commercial Batteries Have Changed The Future...For Winemakers?". Fast Company. US. Retrieved May 29, 2016.
- ^ "2013: Tesla Motors may make its own batteries". Mercury News. November 15, 2014. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
- ^ Savov, Vlad (November 6, 2013). "Tesla's solution to battery shortages is to build its own 'giga factory'". theverge.com. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
- ^ Russell, Jon (April 30, 2015). "Tesla's $3,000 Powerwall Will Let Households Run Entirely On Solar Energy".
- ^ Davies, Alex. "Elon Musk's Grand Plan to Power the World With Batteries". WIRED. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
- ^ Lambert, Fred (October 7, 2016). "Tesla is doubling the energy capacity of the Powerpack with new battery cells from the Gigafactory". Electrek. US. Retrieved October 15, 2016.
- ^ Lambert, Fred (March 31, 2020). "Tesla reveals insane $172,000 Powerpack price and here's why it makes sense". Electrek.
- ^ a b Lambert, Fred (November 14, 2016). "Tesla slashes price of the Powerpack system by another 10% with new generation". Electrek. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
- ^ Tesla nimmt Netzspeicher in Kalifornien in Betrieb In: golem.de. January 25, 2017, retrieved, January 27, 2017.
- ^ Tesla quietly brings online its massive – biggest in the world – 80 MWh Powerpack station with Southern California Edison In: electrek.co. January 23, 2017, retrieved, January 27, 2017.
- ^ "Tesla Motors (TSLA) Earnings Report: Q1 2015 Conference Call Transcript". TheStreet. May 7, 2015. p. 4. Archived from the original on May 11, 2015. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
- ^ Gordon-Bloomfield, Nikki (May 6, 2015). "Tesla Motors Posts Q1 2015 Losses, Due to Strong Dollar, High Capital Expenditures. Hits 1,000 Car/Week Model S Production". Transport Evolved. Archived from the original on June 13, 2017. Retrieved May 9, 2015.
- ^ Mooney, Chris (May 1, 2015). "What backing up your home with Tesla's battery might be like". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 9, 2015.
- ^ Lambert, Fred (September 9, 2016). "Tesla quietly reduced the price of the Powerpack by 5% and its commercial inverter by 19%". Electrek. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
- ^ Stojkovski, Bojan (November 13, 2019). "Tesla power storage: Balkan battery project is 'largest running in Europe'". ZDNet.
- ^ Bade, Gavin (October 28, 2016). "Tesla unveils residential solar roof and new Powerwall battery". Utility Dive. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
- ^ Lazar, Jim (2014). "Teaching the "Duck" to Fly" (PDF). RAP. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
- ^ Wirfs-Brock, Jordan (October 2, 2014). "IE Questions: Why Is California Trying To Behead The Duck?". Inside Energy. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
- ^ "One of the Nation's Largest, Most Environmentally-Friendly Battery Energy Storage Systems to be Installed at UC San Diego | Business Wire". www.businesswire.com. September 29, 2014. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
- ^ "BYD Wins Huge Electric Bus Contract In Washington". CleanTechnica. Archived from the original on December 10, 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
- ^ "BYD Motors Wins America's Largest Electric Bus Order". www.prnewswire.com. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
- ^ News, Bloomberg (April 27, 2015). "BYD Projects More U.S. Electric-Bus Orders". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
{{cite news}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ^ "Sonnen and AutoGrid Marry Big Data With Battery-Backed Solar". Retrieved October 15, 2016.
- ^ "Sonnen taps AutoGrid software to broaden uses for its battery systems". Utility Dive. October 14, 2016. Retrieved October 15, 2016.
- ^ Spector, Julian (January 30, 2017). "Eos Finds a Partner in Siemens to Scale an Unusual Battery". GTM. Retrieved January 31, 2017.