Quaker guns in former Confederate fortifications at Manassas Junction, Virginia, in March 1862. Quaker guns were widely used as a deception tactic in warfare during the 18th and 19th centuries. Although resembling an actual cannon, the Quaker gun was simply a wooden log, usually painted black. The name derives from the Religious Society of Friends, or Quakers, who have traditionally held a religious opposition to war and violence in the Peace Testimony.Photograph: George N. Barnard and James F. Gibson; restoration: Adam Cuerden