The Taiwan Church News (Chinese: 台灣教會公報; pinyin: Táiwān Jiàohuì Gōngbào; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-oân Kàu-hōe Kong-pò) is a publication of the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan. It was first published in 1885 as the Tâi-oân-hú-siâⁿ Kàu-hōe-pò (臺灣府城教會報; Táiwān Fǔchéng Jiàohuì Bào; 'Taiwan Prefecture City Church News') under the direction of missionary Thomas Barclay, a British pastor of the Presbyterian Church, and was Taiwan's first printed newspaper, making it the longest-running newspaper in Taiwanese history. This early edition was also notable for being printed in romanised Taiwanese using the Pe̍h-ōe-jī orthography. The publication was banned during the latter stages of Japanese rule and editions were also impounded on several occasions during the martial law era in post-war Taiwan for discussing forbidden subjects. The newspaper is renowned for its use of Pe̍h-ōe-jī.
 Front cover from April 2009 | |
| Frequency | Weekly |
|---|---|
| Publisher | Taiwan Church Press |
| First issue | 1885 |
| Country | Taiwan |
| Based in | Tainan |
| Language | Mandarin Chinese, some sections in Taiwanese |
| Website | https://tcnn.org.tw/ |
Contributing significantly to historical documentation in Taiwan, The Taiwan Church News contains extensive records of early local church history, current international events, and general knowledge. Its diverse content serves as an encyclopedia spanning the history of Taiwan, featuring declarations on human rights that document the recent history of democratic political development in Taiwan.[1]
Early years
edit
In Taiwan in the late 1800s (during Taiwan's Qing era), few could read and write as few had access to the education necessary.[2] Christian missionaries in southern Taiwan, eager that their converts learn to read and write, decided that Roman phonetic script (i.e. Pe̍h-ōe-jī) would be easier to learn and print than Chinese characters.[3] James Laidlaw Maxwell, a medical missionary, donated a small printing press to the church in 1880,[4] but at the time nobody in Taiwan-fu (modern-day Tainan)[5] knew how to operate it.
In 1881 while on furlough in Glasgow, Thomas Barclay studied printing techniques; on his return to Taiwan-fu he sent others for printing training and set up a machine shop, which started printing in 1884.[4][6] Then in June 1885 came the first issue of the Tâi-oân-hú-siâⁿ Kàu-hōe-pò (Taiwan-fu Church News), which thus became the first printed newspaper in the island.[7]
The newspaper was just one of the products of the new press, and William Campbell was later able to proudly write that "our Tainan Mission Press turned out 700,357 pages, chiefly in the dialect or brogue of South Formosa during 1913".[8] In 1915 the newspaper was reported as having a circulation of roughly 1,600.[9]
List of name changes
edit| Han characters | POJ | Time |
|---|---|---|
| 臺灣府城教會報 | Tâi-oân-hú-siâⁿ Kàu-hōe-pò | 12 July 1885—December 1891 |
| 臺南府教會報 | Tâi-lâm-hú Kàu-hōe-pò | 1892[10] |
| 臺南府城教會報 | Tâi-lâm Hú-siâⁿ Kàu-hōe-pò | January 1893—December 1905 |
| 臺南教會報 | Tâi-lâm Kàu-hōe-pò | 1906—July 1913 |
| 臺灣教會報 | Tâi-oân Kàu-hōe-pò | July 1913—April 1932 |
| 臺灣教會公報 | Tâi-oân Kàu-hōe Kong-pò | May 1932—March 1942 |
| 臺灣教會公報 | Tâi-oân Kàu-hōe Kong-pò | December 1945—March 1969 |
| 臺灣教會公報 | Tâi-oân Kàu-hōe Kong-pò | December 1969—present |
World War II to the present
editThe newspaper experienced two periods of suspension: first, during the Sino-Japanese War when the Japanese authorities ordered its cessation (1942–1945), and second, due to the Nationalist government's ban on Taiwanese Hokkien (April–November 1969). It resumed publication in December of the same year with content in Mandarin, and its publication continues to the present day.
In 1895 Taiwan became a colony of Japan. In 1942 the Imperial Japanese government, now at war with the Allied countries including China, Britain, Australia, New Zealand, the United States and Canada, expelled missionaries from Taiwan. The press was closed.[4] In 1945, after the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalists) assumed one-party rule over Taiwan, the Taiwan Church News resumed publication.
In 1969 the printing of the Taiwan Church News in Pe̍h-ōe-jī was banned by the Kuomintang government as part of an effort to discourage use of local languages.[11] The publication thereafter employed Mandarin Chinese characters. Even after the restrictions were lifted in the 1980s, Mandarin continued to be the dominant language, with "native languages" (Taiwanese Hokkien, Hakka and Formosan languages) confined to a "Mother Tongue Section" from 1991 onwards.[11]
On several occasions under one-party Kuomintang rule the magazine was confiscated by authorities for running articles on forbidden topics. A discussion of the February 28 Incident saw the entire print run of 6,700 copies seized in 1987.[12] The publication proved to be in the vanguard, however. When Lee Tung-hui became Taiwan's president the following year, setting society on a path toward modern democracy, 2-28 became a matter of open public discussion.
The modern incarnation of the periodical takes the form of a weekly magazine, plus ad hoc English reports on the organization's website.
Notes
edit- ^ Yang, Yun-Yan (2013). "白話字文獻中ê花東報導文學─以《台灣教會公報》1885~1911做例" [Literary Reports in Pe̍h-ōe-jī Documents: A Case Study of 'Taiwan Church News' 1885-1911]. Journal of Taitung University, Humanities and Social Sciences. 3 (1): 83–110.
- ^ Davidson (1903), pp. 601–2.
- ^ Lin (1999).
- ^ a b c "Our Story". Taiwan Church News. Archived from the original on March 1, 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-30.
- ^ Modern-day Tainan was formerly the capital of the island, which was governed as Taiwan Prefecture of Fujian Province. Hence its former name of Taiwan-fu (Chinese: 臺灣府城; pinyin: Táiwān fǔchéng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-oân-hú-siâⁿ; lit. 'Taiwan Prefecture City')
- ^ Davidson (1903), pp. 607–8: "An important factor in the diffusion of education among the natives interested in the mission, is the mission newspaper, entitled "The Tainanfu Church News." It has been in existence for fully sixteen years, and has a monthly circulation of about 800 copies. It is printed in Romanized Chinese, and is, therefore, read, almost exclusively, by Christians familiar with that system. This is the first newspaper published in the island, and owes its existence to Rev. Barclay, who, while on furlough in Scotland, some seventeen years ago, obtained instruction in type setting. He brought out with him a printing press, type, etc., and taught a few intelligent Chinese the printing trade. These, in turn, have taught others, so that at present there is an efficient force of Chinese printers. One of the European missionaries occupies the chair of editor in chief, Rev. Barclay at present holding that position. In addition to the newspaper, a great deal of Christian literature, chiefly in the Romanized Chinese, is issued. There are at present among the Christians more than 2,000 who can read fluently in Romanized Chinese."
- ^ Copper (2007), p. 240.
- ^ Campbell (1915), p. 362.
- ^ Oldham (1915), p. 624.
- ^ With the creation of Tainan Prefecture in 1887, the city name was changed from Taiwan-fu to Tainanfu. It remained a prefecture seat but was no longer the capital of the island.
- ^ a b Klöter 2005, p. 217
- ^ "Presbyterians protest confiscation" (PDF). Taiwan Communiqué. 30. International Committee for Human Rights in Taiwan: 24. May 1987. ISSN 1027-3999.
References
edit- Campbell, William (1915). Sketches from Formosa. London: Marshall Brothers. OL 7051071M.
- Copper, John F. (2007). Historical dictionary of Taiwan (Republic of China). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810856004. OL 7997166M.
- Davidson, James W. (1903). The Island of Formosa, Past and Present : history, people, resources, and commercial prospects : tea, camphor, sugar, gold, coal, sulphur, economical plants, and other productions. London and New York: Macmillan. OL 6931635M.
- Klöter, Henning (2005). Written Taiwanese. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 9783447050937.
- Lin, Christine L. (1999). "The Presbyterian Church in Taiwan and the Advocacy of Local Autonomy". Sino-Platonic Papers (92). Philadelphia, PA: Dept. of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Pennsylvania. OCLC 41882313.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Oldham, Joseph Houldsworth (1915). International Review of Missions. Vol. 4. Edinburgh. hdl:2027/mdp.39015010805714.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)