Sydir Artemovych Kovpak (Ukrainian: Си́дір Арте́мович Ковпа́к; Russian: Си́дор Арте́мьевич Ковпа́к, Sidor Artemyevich Kovpak), (June 7, 1887 – December 11, 1967) was a leader of the Soviet partisans in Ukraine during World War II.
Sydir Kovpak | |
|---|---|
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| Born | June 7, 1887 Kotelva, Kharkov Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Died | December 11, 1967 (aged 80) Kyiv, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union |
| Allegiance |  Russian Empire Soviet Union |
| Years of service | 1914–1925 1941–1945 |
| Rank | Major-General |
| Commands | Putyvl partisans and allied partisan units 1st Ukrainian Partisan Division |
| Battles / wars | |
| Awards | Hero of the Soviet Union (twice) Cross of St. George (3rd, 4th Class) Medal of St. George (3rd, 4th Class) Order of Lenin (4 times) Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky, 1st Class Order of Suvorov, 2nd Class Order of the Red Banner Medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War", 1st class |
| Other work | various top positions in government of Soviet Ukraine |
Biography
editKovpak was born to a poor Ukrainian peasant family in Kotelva village in Kharkov Governorate, Russian Empire (in present-day Ukraine).[1] For his military service in World War I, he was awarded two Crosses of St. George personally by the Emperor Nicholas II of Russia (an award for exceptional military heroism). After the Russian Revolution he joined the All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and fought for the Red Army partisan units against the German forces, as well as against Denikin's White Army in a Vasily Chapayev's cavalry division. In the interwar period he was a head of the local government in the town of Putyvl, Sumy Oblast (province).
World War II
editAt the time of the German invasion of Soviet Ukraine partisan units led by Sydir Kovpak waged guerrilla warfare against Axis forces originally in partisan strongholds in Sumy and Bryansk regions but later its operation spread deep into German-occupied territory including Kyiv, Zhytomyr, Rivne, Homyel, Volyn and other regions. These partisan units also fought against the nationalist Ukrainian Insurgent Army. In 1944 partisans under Kovpak's leadership raided enemy forces throughout western Ukraine and Belarus and even reached Romanian border regions during the Carpathian raid inflicting heavy casualties on the Germans.
Kovpak mastered guerrilla tactics and was awarded Hero of the Soviet Union title twice (1942;[2] 1944[3]). In the summer of 1943 Germans managed to hunt down and kill Kovpak's second in command Semyon Rudnev who was replaced by a new right-hand man Petro Vershigora who would later become a writer and dedicate his books to Kovpak's underground resistance.
Sydir Kovpak was promoted to the rank of Major General in 1943. According to the memoirs of his lieutenant Vershigora, his promotion and General's stars were airdropped to his partisan unit's position deep behind the front lines. After the end of the Second World War Sydir Kovpak held key positions in the leadership of Soviet Ukraine, including Vice Chairman of the Supreme Court of Ukraine in 1947 and Supreme Soviet of Ukraine in 1967. He also was a member of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union for the 2nd through 7th convocations.
Books
edit- От Путивля до Карпат (From Putivl to the Carpathian Mountains), 1945, Voenizdat, 136 pages. Recorded by Evgenii Nikolaevich Gerasimov (1903-1986).[4] English translation Vid Putivla do Karpat published by Politvydav Ukrainy, Kyiv, first print in 1973.[5]
- Из дневника партизанских походов (From the diary of partisan marches), 1964, DOSAAF, Russian language, 220 pages.
- Воспоминания, очерки, статьи (Memoirs, essays, articles), 1987, Politvydav Ukrainy, Kyiv, Russian language, 388 pages.
Movies
editKovpak was portrayed (by Konstantin Stepankov) in Soviet film trilogy Duma o Kovpake (Дума о Ковпаке, Poem of Kovpak):
- Duma o Kovpake: Nabat (Дума о Ковпаке: Набат, Poem of Kovpak: Alarm), 1973 – how initially small partisan unit of twelve people grew into large force under Kovpak and Rudnev.[6]
- Duma o Kovpake: Buran (Дума о Ковпаке: Буран, Poem of Kovpak: Storm), 1975 – about actions in enemy rear in 1941–1942.[7]
- Duma o Kovpake: Karpaty, Karpaty... (Дума о Ковпаке: Карпаты, Карпаты..., Poem of Kovpak: Carpathians, Carpathians...), 1976 – about the 1943 raid into the Carpathians.[8]
A TV documentary Его звали ДЕД (He was called GRANDPA) (Ukrainian language, produced by TRK Era, director Oleksiy Barbaruk-Trypilsky, 36 min, screened in 2011) documents Kovpak's life during the war.
See also
edit- One of the branches of Kovpak formation was at Torforazrabotki, in vicinity of Deptovka, Dmitrievka rayon, Chernigov oblast. This branch was a medical camp located deep in the woods of Chernigov oblast. The branch was hiding wounded partisans, caring for them until they could be evacuated to Bolshaya Zemlya by aircraft (U2). The commander of the camp was Naum Aronovich, which before the war was the director of Sovkhoz in Deptovka. The Doctor was Natalia Buseva, Feldsher was Claudia Buseva, several nurses from former Deptovka hospital. The camp functioned for 2.5 years until retreat of German troops in 1943.
References
edit- ^ "Sydir Kovpak". Герои страны ("Heroes of the Country") (in Russian).
- ^ «О присвоении звания Героя Советского Союза т. т. Ковпаку С. А., Копенкину И. И., Сабурову А. Н., Фёдорову А. Ф., особо отличившимся в партизанской борьбе в тылу против немецких захватчиков» от 18 мая 1942 года // Ведомости Верховного Совета Союза Советских Социалистических Республик : газета. — 1942. — 5 июня (№ 20 (179)). — С. 1.
- ^ Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР «О награждении Героев Советского Союза Ковпака Сидора Артемьевича и Фёдорова Александра Фёдоровича второй медалью «Золотая звезда»» от 4 января 1944 года // Ведомости Верховного Совета Союза Советских Социалистических Республик : газета. — 1944. — 13 января (№ 2 (262)). — С. 1
- ^ "ВОЕННАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА --[ Мемуары ]-- Ковпак С. А. От Путивля до Карпат". militera.lib.ru. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
- ^ Kovpac, S. A (9 April 1973). Vid Putivla do Karpat. Vyd-vo politychnoĭ literatury Ukrainy. OCLC 14974322.
- ^ "Duma o Kovpake: Nabat". 8 October 1974. Retrieved 9 April 2018 – via www.imdb.com.
- ^ "Duma o Kovpake: Buran". 9 September 1976. Retrieved 9 April 2018 – via www.imdb.com.
- ^ "Duma o Kovpake: Karpaty, Karpaty..." 5 April 1979. Retrieved 9 April 2018 – via www.imdb.com.
- (in Russian and Ukrainian) "How Sydir Kovpak was a guerilla before the war", Zerkalo Nedeli, (the Mirror Weekly), Kiev, August 11–17, 2001. in Russian Archived 2006-11-28 at the Wayback Machine, in Ukrainian.
- (in Russian) People with clear conscience — Memoires of Pyotr Petrovich Vershigora
External links
edit- "Sydir Kovpak". Герои страны ("Heroes of the Country") (in Russian).
