Sun Yee On (Chinese: 新義安; Jyutping: san1 ji6 on1; Cantonese Yale: sān yih ōn), or the New Righteousness and Peace Commercial and Industrial Guild, is one of the leading triads[2] in Hong Kong and China. It has more than 25,000 members worldwide.[1] It is also believed to be active in the UK, the United States, France, and Belgium.[1][3]
| Founded | 1919 |
|---|---|
| Founding location | British Hong Kong |
| Years active | 1919–present |
| Territory | Hong Kong, Mainland China, Japan, France, South Africa, United Kingdom, India, Thailand, Korea, Colombia, Canada, United States, Australia, Central America |
| Ethnicity | Chinese |
| Membership | 25,000[1] |
| Activities | racketeering, counterfeiting, extortion, drug trafficking, money laundering, murder, illegal gambling |
| Allies | Wo Hop To, Wo On Lok, Albanian mafia, Camorra, Serbian mafia, American Mafia, Sinaloa Cartel |
| Rivals | 14K, Wah Ching, Wo Shing Wo |
| Sun Yee On | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 新義安 | ||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 新义安 | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
History
editSun Yee On was founded by Heung Chin, originally from Teochew (Chaozhou), in 1919.[4] Yee On (Chinese: 義安; Jyutping: ji6 on1; Cantonese Yale: yih ōn) is a historical name for Chaozhou. Mainly through ethnic Chinese diaspora, it is thought to extend to the United States, Canada, Thailand, Australia, South Africa and Central America.[5] The founder was deported to Taiwan in the early 1950s and continued to lead the organization from there.[4] Sun Yee On was allegedly taken over by his eldest son Heung Wah-yim, who ostensibly worked as a law clerk.[4] The triad is also noted as being founded by "Teochew and Hokkien immigrants" to Hong Kong.[6]
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1980s spill
editIn February 1986, a former Hong Kong police officer, Anthony Chung, who had become a member of Sun Yee On, asked the police for protection.[4] He identified Heung Wah-yim as the leader of the triad, and this led to the police arresting eleven members of the Triad on 1 April 1987.[4] Whilst searching Heung Wah-yim's law office, they found a list of 900 numbered names, which appeared to be a membership list of Sun Yee On.[4] In October, Heung Wah-yim was brought to trial, along with five accomplices who all pleaded guilty.[4] Heung Wah-yim professed his innocence throughout the trial, claiming to be the president of a local chapter of the Lions Club and that the list found in his office consisted of potential donors.[4] Chung and another former member were the main prosecution witnesses. On 20 January 1988, the jury found five of the defendants guilty, including Heung Wah-yim who was sentenced to seven and a half years in prison, acquitting the sixth.[4]
2000s
editThe triad operates several vice establishments in Tsim Sha Tsui and Yau Ma Tei, or at least did in November 2010 when a 29-year-old alleged office-bearer or "red pole" of the triad, named "Sai B" Chan, was arrested for vice offences and money laundering.[7]
Lee Tai-lung (李泰龍), a Sun Yee On boss in Tsim Sha Tsui, was murdered in front of the Kowloon Shangri-La hotel on 4 August 2009 by members of the Wo Shing Wo gang. It was supposedly a revenge attack ordered by Leung Kwok-chung, a senior member of a Wo Shing Wo crew in Tai Kok Tsui who was injured by Lee during a bar fight in July 2006 in Prat Avenue.[8][9] Following Lee's death, three of his former followers stepped in to defend his lucrative entertainment empire from other triads. In 2011(?), Lee's three followers were tracked by "Ko Tat", another "red pole" in Wan Chai, who failed to spread his influence across the harbour. Tai Hau, leader of another Sun Yee On faction active in Tuen Mun, tried to encroach upon Lee's West Kowloon and Tsim Sha Tsui operations. His attempts were thwarted by an undercover police operation, as a result of which 222 people were arrested in January 2012. The Organised Crime and Triad Bureau suspects that "Ko Chun" may be the latest kingpin of Lee's original turf.[9]
On 22 March 2012, police arrested 102 members of Sun Yee On in Shenzhen, China.[10]
In popular culture
edit- In the anime adaptation of Black Lagoon, the Thailand branch of Sun Yee On is based in the fictional city of Roanapur and competes with the other organized crime syndicates in the city. In Black Lagoon, Sun Yee On's branch leader in Thailand is a man named Wan, and it is one of various Triad organizations in Thailand alongside the 14K.
- The 2012 video game Sleeping Dogs focuses on Wei Shen, an undercover police officer transferred from San Francisco to Hong Kong and the HKPF as part of a joint operation to infiltrate a fictional version of the Sun Yee On, the "Sun On Yee" and eliminate or incarcerate their most powerful members. What makes Wei the most likely candidate, but also the most dangerous one is that he grew up with some members in the Sun On Yee, giving him a way to integrate within the triad but has his superiors concerned that he might eventually become too attached and possibly forget his duties to law enforcement.
See also
edit- Charles Heung and Jimmy Heung are Heung Chin's other sons and involved in activities outside of Sun Yee On.
References
edit- ^ a b c "Illuminated Lantern". Archived from the original on 18 April 2012. Retrieved 28 May 2006.
- ^ Davies, Anthony (25 August 1995). "Asia Week". Retrieved 28 May 2006.
- ^ "Transnational Communities Programme". Archived from the original on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 28 May 2006.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Dannen, Fredric (July 1997). "Partners in Crime: Part 2". The New Republic. Archived from the original on 15 February 2013. Retrieved 28 May 2006.
- ^ Shanty, Frank; Mishra, Patit Paban Organized crime: from trafficking to terrorism, pg xvi, Volume 2. ISBN 1576073378 ABC-CLIO (24 September 2007)
- ^ Bitter power struggle as election looms for Wo On Lok triad, SCMP, 24 February 2013
- ^ "'Guru of brothels' busted on $380m laundering rap" Archived 25 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine, The Standard, 22 November 2010
- ^ Lee, Diana (13 January 2011). "Brutal slaying seen as triad revenge" Archived 21 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine. The Standard.
- ^ a b Lo, Clifford; Cheung, Simpson (19 January 2012). "Forget blood, it's all about the money", South China Morning Post
- ^ 100 members of Hong Kong triad arrested in Shenzhen Archived 28 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine, wantchinatimes