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The Somesvara Siva temple is located in the Kharakhia Baidyanath temple precinct in Kharakhia Vaidyanath Sahi, Old Town, of Bhubaneswar. It is located approximately 300 metres south of Lingaraja temple. Visitors may approach the site on the left side of Baidyanath Road leading from Lingaraja temple to Kapilesvar. It is a living temple and faces towards the west. The enshrined deity of this temple is a Siva lingam within a circular yonipitha at the center of the sanctuary located 0.93 metres below the chandrasila. The temple is under the care and maintenance of Babulal Makaddam Badu Mohapatra, the chief priest of the temple, on whose private land the temple stands.[citation needed]
| Somesvara Siva temple | |
|---|---|
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Hinduism |
| Deity | Mahishamardini |
| Location | |
| Location | Bhubaneswar |
| State | Odisha |
| Country | India |
  Location in Odisha | |
| Geographic coordinates | 20°14′06″N 85°50′00″E / 20.23500°N 85.83333°E |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Kalingan Style (Kalinga Architecture) |
| Completed | 11th century A.D. |
| Elevation | 26 m (85 ft) |
Ownership
editSingle/ Multiple
editSingle.
Public/ Private
editPrivate.
Name
editBabulal Makaddam Badu Mohapatra
Address
editKharakhia Baidyanath Sahi, Old Town, Bhubaneswar
Age
editApproximate date
edit10th/11th century A.D.
Source of Information
editArchitectural features like trianga bada and fourfold pabhaga mouldings, kani being absent.
Property Type
editPrecinct/ Building/ Structure/Landscape/Site/Tank
editPrecinct
Subtype
editTemple.
Typology
editVimana is in rekha deul whereas jagamohana is of pidha deul.
Property use
editAbandoned/ in use
editIn use.
Present use
editLiving temple.
Past use
editWorshipped.
Significance
editCultural significance
editRituals like Sivaratri, Sankranti and Mahavishuva- Sankranti are celebrated.
Physical description
editSurrounding
editWithin the precinct the temple is surrounded by Markandesvara temple in the east at a distance of 1.60 metres, Nilakantha Siva temple in north within a distance of 15 metres and the compound wall in the western and southern sides.
Orientation
editThe temple is facing towards west.
Architectural features (Plan & Elevation)
editOn plan, the temple has a vimana and a jagamohana. The vimana is pancharatha having a central raha distinguished by pairs of 253 anuratha and kanika paga on either side of the raha. The vimana measures 4.40 square metres and jagamohana measures 6.20 square metres. On elevation, the vimana is of rekha order and jagamohana is in pidha order as usual in Orissan temples, having bada, gandi and mastaka. With threefold division of the bada of the vimana has a trianga bada measuring 3.18 metres in height. At the bottom, the pabhaga has four base mouldings of khura, kumbha, pata and basanta that measures 0.84 metres in height, Jangha measures 1.57 metres in height and baranda measuring 0.77 metres with a thick of has three mouldings. The gandi and mastaka measures 4.00 metres and 2.00 metres in height respectively. The bada of Jagamohana measures 2.30 metres having trianga bada. Pabhaga, jangha and baranda measures 0.71 metres, 1.09 metres, and 0.50 metres in height respectively. The gandi and mastaka of the jagamohana measures 2.50 metres and 1.20 metres.
Raha niche and parsva devatas
editParsvadevata niches located on the raha paga of the jangha on the three sides of north, south and east measuring 0.94 metres in height, 0.66 metres in width and 0.31 metres in depth are empty except the northern niche that enshrines a beautiful standing image of Parvati with broken hands.
Decorative features
editBeneath the raha niche has tala garbhika decoration and in the western rahapaga there is a gajakranta at the center of the gandi. Besides this the bada and gandi of the temple are devoid of decorations. Doorjamb: The doorjambs of vimana and jagamohana are decorated with three plain vertical bands. That measures 1.83 metres in height and 1.32 metres in width. At the base of the doorjambs, there are a dvarapala niches surmounted by chaitya motifs. The niches measuring 0.36 metres in height, 0.18 metres in width and a depth of 0.07 metres houses Saivite dvarapalas holding tridents in their right hands and their left hand is in varada mudra.
Lintel
editIn the lalatabimba, Gajalaxmi is seated in lalitasana over a lotus pedestal. The deity is holding lotus in her left hand and her right hand is in varadamudra. The architrave above the doorjamb is carved with the navagrahas but due to the renovation work the grahas like Ravi, Rahu and Ketu are concealed.
Building material
editThe temple is made of laterite stone.
Construction techniques
editDry masonry.
Style
editKalingan.
Special features, if any
editThough the Yonipitha is usually circular here it is square, made of laterite.
State of preservation
editGood/Fair/ Showing Signs of Deterioration/Advanced
editGood because of the renovation work done by the Orissa State Archaeology under X and XI Finance Commission Award.
Condition description
editSigns of distress
editGrowth of vegetation.
Repairs and Maintenance
editThe owner of the temple clears the surrounding vegetation after the rainy season.
Grade (A/B/C)
editi) Architecture: B ii) Historic: C iii) Associational: C iv) Social/Cultural: B v) Others: —
Well
editThere is a well in the center of the Kharakhia Baidyanath temple precinct, it is made of laterite blocks and it is located at a distance of 9.40 metres north of the temple.
Threats to the property
editConservation Problem and Remedies
editGrowth of Vegetation: Creepers in the beki of jagamohana and a pipal tree on the amlaka stone. The whole temple is covered with lichens. There is a compound wall made of laterite blocks measuring 53 square metres and 2.25 metres in height with the thickness of 0.84 metres. Detached and loose sculptures: In the northern side of the vimana, there is an image of Siva.
References
edit- Dr. Sadasiba Pradhan & Team, dated on 15 November 2006, Debala Mitra, ‘Bhubaneswar’ New Delhi, 1958, p. 29.
- K.C. Panigrahi, Archaeological Remains at Bhubaneswar, Calcutta, 1961. PP. 16–17 and 25.
- L. S.S. O’ Malley, Bengal District Gazetteer Puri, Calcutta 1908, P. 240.
- M.M. Ganguly, Orissa and Her remains, Calcutta, 1912, PP. 393–394.
- P.R. Ramachandra Rao, Bhubaneswar Kalinga Temple Architecture, Hyderabad, 1980, P. 29.
- R.P. Mohapatra, ‘Archaeology in Orissa’. Vol. I, Delhi, 1986. P. 57.
- R.L. Mitra. The Antiauities of Orissa, Vol.II, Calcutta, 1963, PP. 160–161.
- T.E. Donaldson, ‘Hindu Temple Art of Orissa’. Vol. I, Leiden, 1985, P. 76.