Lok Oknha Sok Kong (Khmer: លោកឧកញ៉ា សុខ គង់; born in Prey Veng Province, Cambodia) is a Khmer businessman and founder of Sokimex, a company based in Cambodia. He is considered among Cambodia's two "most successful entrepreneurs" along with Kith Meng.[1]
Lok Oknha Sok Kong | |
|---|---|
| សុខ គង់ | |
| Born | 1948 |
| Nationality | Khmer |
| Organization | Sokimex |
| Known for | Founder of The Sokimex Investment Group of Cambodia, one of the largest conglomerates in Cambodia. Sokimex Petroleum Stations, Sokha Hotels Group, Developing Bokor City |
| Children | 6 |
Biography
editFrom defending Prey Veng to fleeing the Khmer Rouges
editKong was born to a Khmer family, whose parents are Vietnamese, [2] in Prey Veng Province, Cambodia in 1948. His education did not go beyond the third grade. In 1975, Sok Kong who had joined the Khmer National Armed Forces was interviewed by the New York Times in the turmoil of the Cambodian Civil War, hitching a ride back to Phnom Penh from his post 20 miles to the northwest, telling the reporter: "[The Americans] give all the equipment we need. But we don't get it. The big people take it all."[3]
In 1975, he fled from the Khmer Rouge to Vietnam, working on a farm in Đồng Tháp province and came back a few years later.[2]
Returning to Cambodia as a Serial Entrepreneur
editSok Kong started his career in the 1980s with an initial capital of US$100, started supplying fuel to Cambodia, he expanded later on to include a small scale rubber processing and manufacturing business producing motorbikes and plastic tires. He created his own rubber mill and signed a deal with the government to manufacture sandals from old tires. From this, he expanded his venture in the petroleum sector to be a dominant player by the early 90’s.[citation needed] Later on, his expansion included supplying the Khmer government with military uniforms, food, aluminium, and medicine imported from Vietnam, through the good ties that he kept with other entrepreneur associates he met while living for a short while in Vietnam during the late 70’s.[4]
Rebuilding peace and the economy after the restoration of Khmer monarchy
editIn 1988-1989 when the Vietnamese army withdrew to the country, the Cambodian army continued to sign a contract with Sok Kong to supply cloth, cammen, and pots for the army.
By 1990, his capital grew up to $100,000. His company started selling gasoline to the government and to UNTAC in 1992. In 1994, he opened a garment factory. In 1996, the Cambodian government sold its gasoline storage stations, and Sok Kong acquired them.[5]
In 1996, Sokimex purchased the state oil company Compagnie Kampuchea des Carburants for $10.6 million and took over its fuel storage in Phnom Penh and Sihanoukville, allowing him to control the main port is Sihanoukville , on the Gulf of Thailand , which has 11 berths and can accommodate vessels of 10,000—15,000 tons.[6]
Fueling the 1997 coup in favor of Hun Sen
edit
Kong won Hun Sen's gratitude during the 1997 Cambodian coup d'état, when the Sokimex provided the Cambodian People's Party with gasoline. Stripping Khmer-Chinese businessman Duong Chhiv from the contract he had obtained in 1996, Sok Kong obtained the monopoly on the supply of medicines to the Ministry of Health in reward, decreasing the price paid by the Ministry by 14 per cent from 1998 to 1999.[7]
In 1999, Sok Kong acquired the ticketing rights to Angkor Wat, which it operates in "admirantly efficient" way in exchange for a flat fee of $1 million each year.[8]
Growing a diversified but criticized business
editSok Kong continued to develop Sokimex with his brother Sok Vanna, and in close relation with the Cambodian government. In 2000, opposition leader Sam Rainsy accused Sokimex of being set up with the support of the Vietnamese invading army and that it became the financial pillar for the ruling CPP, thus enjoying unfair advantages over its competition.[9]
Until October 2007, Sok Kong and Teng Bunma controlled the Cambodian Chamber of Commerce, which he headed from 2002 to 2005,[10] until they chose Kith Meng, with no dissenting votes, as their direct successor.[11]
By 2008, Sok Kong had diversified into the tourism industry, garment factories, housing developments and even a helicopter company, but he decided to shift his investment priority to tourism and hotels.[12]
In 2008, Sok Kong was confirmed as the new owner of the lion's share of Occheuteal Beach, the largest and most popular public dune in the region of Sihanoukville.[13]
Leaving a legacy on Bokor Mountain
editOn 25 January 2022, Sok Kong announced to build a road connecting National Road 4 to Bokor Mountain with a length of about 27 kilometers. He also announced his intention to sell Sokha Hotel Phnom Penh and surrounding areas in Chroy Changvar for $1.5 billion and allocate that money to further develop Bokor’s Thansur Sokha Hotel and pay off debts.[14]
Controversies
editBusiness practises
editSok Kong has been widely criticized for his business practises since the 1980's, though he questions his critics, wondering if anyone would have taken the risk that he dared to take at that time. Since then, Sok Kong has promoted better business practises: since becoming President of the Phnom Penh Chamber of Commerce for example, he signed the statement on corporate governance by the Confederation of Asia-Pacific Chambers of Commerce and Industry.[15]
He has criticized the impunity of certain oknha and has called for equal treatment before justice:[16]
Okhna and normal people are the same ... if they do something wrong they will face the court.
— Sok Kong
Angkor controversy
editThe main opposition political party at the time led by Kem Sokha, and Sam Rainsy, co-leaders of the now dissolved opposition Cambodia National Rescue Party, accused APSARA the body that overseas the Angkor Archaeological Park, of underreporting revenue in order to benefit Sok Kong. In March 2012, an anonymous group filed a corruption complaint with the country’s Anti-Corruption Unit, accusing Sokimex of siphoning off most of the ticket revenue and calling the contract between the government and the company “irregular,” but Bun Narith, Apsara’s general director, dismissed the allegations as baseless.[17] In May 2017, senior opposition lawmaker Son Chhay called once again for a review of government spending on Apsara, in link with its dealings with Sok Kong.[18]
Sok Kong advocates claim he has invested millions in order to develop the attractiveness of Siem Reap to foreign tourists, that his activities included many charitable contributions to the area, and that he built public restrooms, repaired roads, and developed businesses from luxury hotels to a hot air balloon.[2]
Environmental issues
editWhile many environmentalists have voiced criticism against developments promoted by Sok Kong,[19] the latter as stated his commitment to protecting the natural beauty and envioment of Cambodia and asserts that "the real challenge is the environment”,[20] further saying that:
We as investors have to consider the environment – that is in everyone’s interest. If the government or companies do not protect [the environment] then we will all suffer.
— Sok Kong
Family
editSok Kong is married and is the father of six children, three boys and three girls.[citation needed]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Killeen, Timothy J. (2012-02-01). The Cardamom Conundrum: Reconciling Development and Conservation in the Kingdom of Cambodia. NUS Press. p. 148. ISBN 978-9971-69-614-6.
- ^ a b c "'Tôi là người Việt Nam!'". Tuoi Tre Online (in Vietnamese). 2004-11-20. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
- ^ United States Congress Senate, Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee to Investigate Problems Connected with Refugees and Escapees (1975). Humanitarian Problems in South Vietnam and Cambodia, Two Years After the Cease-fire: A Study Mission Report Prepared for the Use of the Subcommittee to Investigate Problems Connected with Refugees and Escapees of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Ninety-fourth Congress, First Session, January 27, 1975. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 175.
- ^ Gottesman, Evan (2004). Cambodia After the Khmer Rouge: Inside the Politics of Nation Building. Silkworm Books. p. 317. ISBN 978-974-9575-52-9.
- ^ "Sokimex Founder Sok Kong:Business Ventures Keep Growing". The Cambodia Daily. 1 February 2008. Retrieved 2016-07-10.
- ^ Publications, Europa; Staff, Europa Publications; Ed 32nd; Coate, Kelly (2001). The Far East and Australasia 2001. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 242. ISBN 978-1-85743-080-6.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Rainsy, Sam (2000-04-28). "All that glitters seems to be ... Sokimex". Phnom Penh Post. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
- ^ Strangio, Sebastian (2014-11-28). Hun Sen's Cambodia. Yale University Press. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-300-21014-9.
- ^ "All that glitters seems to be ... Sokimex". The Phnom Penh Post. 28 April 2000. Retrieved 2016-07-10.
- ^ Peou, Sorpong (2007-10-23). International Democracy Assistance for Peacebuilding: Cambodia and Beyond. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-230-52137-7.
- ^ Karbaum, Markus (2008). Kambodscha unter Hun Sen: informelle Institutionen, politische Kultur und Herrschaftslegitimität (in German). LIT Verlag Münster. p. 218. ISBN 978-3-8258-1645-2.
- ^ Samean, Yun (2008-01-30). "Sok Kong: Business Ventures Keep Growing". The Cambodia Daily. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
- ^ Silverstein, Ken (2014-05-13). The Secret World of Oil. Verso Books. p. 163. ISBN 978-1-78168-137-4.
- ^ Chivorn (2022-03-11). "Cambodia's Tycoon Sok Kong Announces to Sell Sokha Hotel Phnom Penh for $1.5B". Fresh News. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
- ^ Roche, Julian (2005-02-01). Corporate Governance in Asia. Routledge. p. 9. ISBN 978-1-134-29949-2.
- ^ Un, Kheang (2005). "Patronage Politics and Hybrid Democracy: Political Change in Cambodia, 1993-2003". Asian Perspective. 29 (2): 203–230. doi:10.1353/apr.2005.0023. ISSN 2288-2871.
- ^ Savborey, Ouk (2014-11-19). "Cambodian Parliament Panel Chief Questions Management of Angkor Wat Revenue". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
- ^ Hul, Reaskmey (2017-05-03). "Opposition MP Questions Alleged Corruption at Apsara Authority". VOA. Retrieved 2022-03-11.
- ^ Environment & Planning A. Pion Limited. 2011. p. 2558.
- ^ Kimsong, Kay; Barton, Cat (2008-06-12). "For Sok Kong, being 'green' makes cents". Phnom Penh Post. Retrieved 2022-03-11.