Smith Memorial Arch is an American Civil War monument at South Concourse and Lansdowne Drive in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Built on the former grounds of the 1876 Centennial Exposition, it serves as a gateway to West Fairmount Park. The Memorial consists of two colossal columns supported by curving, neo-Baroque arches, and adorned with 13 individual portrait sculptures (two equestrians, three figures, and eight busts); two eagles standing on globes; and architectural reliefs of eight allegorical figures.
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History
editIn 1891, Richard Smith (1821-1894), a wealthy Philadelphia electroplate and type founder, wrote a will that provided $500,000 ($17 million today[1]) for a memorial arch to be adorned with portraits of Pennsylvania's Civil War military and naval heroes. Smith deposited the model and designs for the memorial with the Fidelity Insurance Trust and Safe Deposit Company and stipulated that: Fidelity president John B. Gest handle his request, that the architectural designs and construction be handled by Philadelphia architect James H. Windrim, and that the selection and supervision of sculptors for the specified portraits should be handled by the Fairmount Park Art Association (now the Association for Public Art).
These provisions of the will went into effect upon the death of Smith's wife in 1895. Two years later, the Fairmount Park Art Association began to select the sculptors. The initial commissions were awarded on May 8, 1898, and the final sculpture was installed in 1912.[2]
The estate of Richard and Sarah Smith also funded the creation of Smith Memorial Playground & Playhouse, in East Fairmount Park.
Sculpture
editStatues
edit
- Major General George Gordon Meade by Daniel Chester French (atop south column).[3]
- Major General John Fulton Reynolds by Charles Grafly (atop north column).[4]
- Richard Smith (donor of the Memorial) by Herbert Adams (on pedestal of north column).[5]
Equestrian statues
edit- Major General George B. McClellan by Edward Clark Potter (atop south pier).[6]
- Major General Winfield Scott Hancock by John Quincy Adams Ward (atop north pier).[7]
Busts
edit- Major General John F. Hartranft by Alexander Stirling Calder.[8][9]
- Major General Samuel W. Crawford by Bessie Potter Vonnoh.[10]
- General James Addams Beaver by Katherine M. Cohen.[11][12]
- Admiral David Dixon Porter by Charles Grafly.[13]
- Admiral John A. B. Dahlgren by George Bissell.[14]
- Governor Andrew Gregg Curtin by Moses Jacob Ezekiel.[15]
- James H. Windrim (architect of the Memorial) by Samuel Murray.[16]
- John B. Gest (executor of Richard Smith's estate) by Charles Grafly.[17]
Other sculpture
edit- Two eagles standing on globes by John Massey Rhind.
- Eight bas-relief allegorical figures such as Courage and Heroism, also by Rhind
- The Memorial's frieze is carved with the names of 84 Pennsylvania veterans.
- The Memorial's inscription reads:
THIS
MONUMENTAL MEMORIAL
PRESENTED BY
RICHARD SMITH
TYPE FOUNDER
OF PHILADELPHIA –
IN MEMORY OF
PENNSYLVANIANS WHO
TOOK PART IN THE CIVIL WAR
THEIR STRIFE WAS NOT FOR
AGGRANDIZEMENT AND WHEN
CONFLICT CEASED THE NORTH
WITH THE SOUTH UNITED AGAIN
TO ENJOY THE COMMON HERITAGE
LEFT BY THE FATHERS OF OUR
COUNTRY RESOLVING THAT
THEREAFTER ALL OUR PEOPLE
SHOULD DWELL TOGETHER
IN UNITY.[18]
References
edit39°58′39″N 75°12′24″W / 39.97750°N 75.20667°W
- ^ 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
- ^ "The Smith Memorial: James H. Windrim, Esq., (sculpture)". siris-artinventories.si.edu. Archived from the original on 2021-07-09. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
- ^ Meade statue Archived 2015-12-04 at the Wayback Machine from Flickr.
- ^ Reynolds statue Archived 2010-12-19 at the Wayback Machine from Philadelphia Public Art.
- ^ Smith statue Archived 2010-12-19 at the Wayback Machine from Philadelphia Public Art.
- ^ McClellan equestrian statue Archived 2010-12-19 at the Wayback Machine from Philadelphia Public Art.
- ^ Hancock equestrian statue Archived 2010-12-19 at the Wayback Machine from Philadelphia Public Art.
- ^ For the eight portrait busts, the Fairmount Park Art Association decided that a uniform base was needed. The base designed by Alexander Stirling Calder for his bust of General Hartranft was chosen as the standard for all of the busts on the arch. Source: SIRIS.
- ^ Hartranft bust Archived 2010-12-19 at the Wayback Machine from Philadelphia Public Art.
- ^ Crawford bust Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine from Philadelphia Public Art.
- ^ Beaver bust Archived 2010-12-19 at the Wayback Machine from Philadelphia Public Art.
- ^ Katherine M. Cohen Archived 2011-06-22 at the Wayback Machine from AskArt.
- ^ Porter bust Archived 2010-12-19 at the Wayback Machine from Philadelphia Public Art.
- ^ Dahlgren bust Archived 2010-12-19 at the Wayback Machine from Philadelphia Public Art.
- ^ Curtin bust Archived 2010-12-19 at the Wayback Machine from Philadelphia Public Art.
- ^ Windrim bust Archived 2010-12-19 at the Wayback Machine from Philadelphia Public Art.
- ^ Gest bust Archived 2010-12-19 at the Wayback Machine from Philadelphia Public Art.
- ^ Inscription Archived 2015-12-04 at the Wayback Machine from Flickr.
Sources
edit- Fairmount Park Art Association, Sculpture of a City: Philadelphia's Treasures in Bronze and Stone (New York: Walker Publishing Company, 1974), pp. 168–179.
- Penny Balkin Bach, Public Art in Philadelphia (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992), p. 208.
External links
edit
- Smith Memorial Arch, from Philadelphia Public Art
- Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) No. PA-1666, "Smith Memorial Arch, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA", 15 photos, 1 color transparency, 4 photo caption pages
- Smith Memorial Arch, from Smithsonian Institution Research Information System
- Smith Memorial Arch, from Association for Public Art