Slavko Barbarić (11 March 1946 – 24 November 2000) was a Herzegovinian Franciscan Catholic priest and friar involved in the alleged Marian apparitions in Medjugorje, serving as a spiritual director of the alleged seers from 1984 until he died in 2000. He was a supporter of the Catholic Charismatic Renewal.
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He became a priest as a member of the Franciscans in 1971. From 1981 until 1984 he served as a spiritual assistant in Mostar, but was mainly active in Medjugorje after the alleged apparitions in June 1981. There, he was appointed a chaplain in 1984 and succeeded Tomislav Vlašić as a spiritual director of the alleged seers. Barbarić remained in Medjugorje until his transfer to Blagaj near Mostar in 1985. Nevertheless, he continued his activity in Medjugorje, contrary to the Bishop's orders. He was moved to Humac near Ljubuški, but in 1991 illegally moved to Medjugorje again, where he remained until his death. His confessional jurisdiction was suspended by the Bishop twice due to his disobedience in 2000.
Early life and priesthood
editBarbarić was born in the Dragićani hamlet in Čerin near Čitluk in Herzegovina.[1] He was fourth of six children. He attended elementary school in Čerin, and a high school seminary in Dubrovnik from 1961 to 1965. He entered the novitiate of the Franciscan Province of Herzegovina on 14 July 1965. Barbarić enrolled at the Faculty of Theology and Philosophy in Visoko in 1966, and continued his education in Sarajevo and graduated in Schwaz, Austria in 1971.[2]
He gave monastic vows in La Verna, Italy, on 17 September 1971, and was ordained a priest in Reutte, Austria on 19 December 1971.[2] While studying pastoral psychology in Italy, he became impressed with mysticism and Catholic Charismatic Renewal. During his studies in Rome, Barbarić joined the Catholic Charismatic "Community and Freedom (Comunione e liberazione).[3] As a member of the Franciscan community in Frohnleiten in Austria, he was pastorally active there and attended the Faculty of Theology in Graz, where he gained a master's degree in pastoral theology in 1973.[2]
As a priest, Barbarić was first appointed a chaplain in Čapljina on 22 September 1973. There, he saw the Pope's decree Romanis Pontificibus is published in June 1975, by which the Pope ordered the redistribution of parishes in the Diocese of Mostar-Duvno between the Franciscans and the diocesan clergy. Barbarić remained in Čapljina until 1978 when he left for Freiburg, Germany to study. There, he earned a Ph.D. in religious pedagogy and got the title of "psychotherapist" in 1982.[2]
Medjugorje phenomenon
editWhile he was in Freiburg, in June 1981, the alleged seers of the Marian apparitions had their first visions. Barbarić was named a chaplain in Mostar on 18 August 1981. In Mostar, he served as a spiritual assistant, with his main task being the religious education of youth and students. He used this position to go on the pilgrimage with students in Medjugorje as often as possible. His pastoral activity became mainly focused on Medjugorje, where he lived.[2]
As the sex scandal involving Tomislav Vlašić, the spiritual assistant in Medjugorje and spiritual director of the seers became apparent, the bishop requested his transfer to another parish.[4] Thus, the Franciscan province asked the bishop to replace Vlašić with Barbarić. Bishop Pavao Žanić, not knowing about his illicit activities in Medjugorje, approved the request on 16 August 1984.[2] Barbarić succeeded Vlašić as a spiritual director of the alleged seers after Vlašić was transferred to Vitina near Ljubuški a few days later.[1] Barbarić continued to conduct the Chronicle of Apparitions, started by Vlašić.[2] Both Barbarić and Vlašić trained the young seers. According to the Archbishop of Split Frane Franić, a supporter of the Medjugorje apparitions, Barbarić used his expertise as a psychologist to "coach" the seers to prepare them for the visions and miracles.[3]
Not long after Barbarić's new appointment, the bishop requested from the Franciscan Province of Herzegovina to transfer Barbarić from Medjugorje on 3 January 1985 due to his involvement with the alleged apparitions.[5] However, the Province never responded, while the seers claimed that Madonna told them in a vision that Barbarić should take over the parish and to conduct a chronicle about her apparitions, so that "after she stops coming, there can be one overview of everything that happened".[6] After the bishop insisted on his transfer, Barbarić was moved to Blagaj near Mostar on 20 July 1985.[7]
Barbarić continued his activity in Medjugorje, promoting the cult of Our Lady of Medjugorje and traveling around the world with the alleged seers. Three years later, the Franciscan Province proposed the Bishop name him a chaplain in Humac, Ljubuški, which Bishop approved on 16 September 1988.[7] Even after being transferred to Humac, Barbarić remained mostly active in Medjugorje.[2]
The conclusion of the Conference of Bishops, published in Zadar on 10 April 1991, regarding the alleged apparitions, stated that the apparitions "non constat de supernaturalitate", that is that on the basis of previous examinations, it is impossible to establish that these are supernatural apparitions or revelations. However, the Conference left the possibility of the pilgrimage.[8] In connection to the conclusion, Barbarić stated: "We have our sanctuary. We have permission for the people to come here. Why do we need the seers anyway?"[7]
The same year in July, the Province proposed to the Bishop that Barbarić should remain in Humac, which the Bishop approved. However, Barbarić on his own initiative returned to Medjugorje, claiming he agreed to this verbally with the Provincial Drago Tolj, due to the lack of confessors. The Episcopal Ordinariate wasn't even informed about the transfer, so Barbarić remained active without the necessary decree from the bishop.[2] The Episcopal Ordinariate was in turmoil due to the war in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina that broke out in October 1991. In 1993, Bishop Žanić was replaced by Ratko Perić. The Ordinariate continued to communicate with Barbarić regularly, presuming that his transfer in Medjugorje was legal.[7]
In 1999, Bishop Perić asked the Province to transfer him from Medjugorje again, after he found that Barbarić was active in Medjugorje without a pastoral decree. Barbarić refused to transfer, so the Bishop suspended his confessional jurisdiction on 20 February 2000. Barbarić asked the Bishop for revision, but the Bishop confirmed his previous decision.[7] He again complained to the Holy See over the issue, and the Bishop insisted that Barbarić signs the statement of obedience and leave Medjugorje. He signed the statement on 20 June 2000 but still remained active in Medjugorje. The bishop suspended his confessional jurisdiction once again on 30 October 2000. He died on 24 November 2000.[9]
Notes
edit- ^ a b Kutleša 2001, p. 59.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Perić 2011.
- ^ a b Perica 2002, p. 111.
- ^ Perić 2009, p. 184.
- ^ Perić 2009, p. 183.
- ^ Kutleša 2001, p. 59: "Međutim, izričito i odlučno intervenira međugorska navodna "Gospa", objavljujući preko "vidjelaca" svoj pastoralni "dekret" fra Slavku Barbariću, imenujući ga, mimo svakogaobičaja, "voditeljem" župe, 3. veljače 1985: "Ja želim da otac Slavko ostane ovdje, da vodi župu i skuplja vijesti kako bi, kad ja više ne budem dolazila, ostala potpuna slika svega onoga što se dogodilo. U ovom trenutku molim posebno za oca Slavka i za sve one koji rade u ovoj župi."
- ^ a b c d e Kutleša 2001, p. 60.
- ^ Kutleša 2001, p. 44.
- ^ Kutleša 2001, p. 61.
References
editBooks
edit- Kutleša, Dražen (2001). Ogledalo pravde [Mirror of Justice] (in Croatian). Mostar: Biskupski ordinarijat Mostar.
- Perica, Vjekoslav (2002). Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
News articles
edit- Perić, Ratko (2009). "Vlašićeva upletenost u "međugorski fenomen"" [Vlašić's involvement in the "phenomenon of Medjugorje"]. Službeni vjesnik biskupija Mostarsko-duvanjske i Trebinjsko-mrkanske (in Croatian) (2). Mostar: Biskupski ordinarijat Mostar: 181–189.
- Perić, Ratko (5 March 2011). "U povodu 10. obljetnice smrti fra Slavka Barbarića" [On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of death of Fr. Slavko Barbarić]. Biskupija Mostarsko-Duvanjska i Trebinjsko-Mrkanjska (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 12 April 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2020.