The Sirio class (also known as the Saffo class[a]) was a class of six sea-going steam-powered torpedo boats of the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy) built by the German shipyard Schichau-Werke from 1904–1906. They served in the Italo-Turkish War and the First World War.
| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Builders | Schichau-Werke, Elbing |
| Operators |  Regia Marina |
| Preceded by | Pellicano |
| Succeeded by | Pegaso class |
| Built | 1904–1906 |
| In commission | 1905–1923 |
| Completed | 6 |
| Lost | 3 |
| Retired | 3 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | High-seas Torpedo boat |
| Displacement | 210 t (210 long tons) |
| Length | |
| Beam | 6.0 m (19 ft 8 in) |
| Draught | 1.6 m (5 ft 3 in) |
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed | 25 kn (46 km/h; 29 mph) |
| Range | 500 nmi (580 mi; 930 km) at full speed |
| Complement | 3 officer + 35 men |
| Armament |
|
Design
editIn 1904, work began at the German shipyard of Schichau-Werke, Elbing (now Elbląg, Poland) on a class of six torpedo-boats for the Italian Navy.[4][b] They were 50.00 metres (164 ft 1 in) long between perpendiculars and 51.07 metres (167 ft 7 in) overall, with a beam of 6.00 metres (19 ft 8 in) and a draught of 1.60 metres (5 ft 3 in).[1] Two Coal-fired Schultz-Thornycroft boilers fed Vertical triple-expansion steam engines rated at 3,000–3,100 indicated horsepower (2,200–2,300 kW), giving a rated speed of 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph),[1][5] which corresponded to an in-service sea speed of about 21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph).[4][c] Sufficient coal was carried to give a range of 598 nmi (688 mi; 1,107 km) at 23 kn (26 mph; 43 km/h) or 1,920 nmi (2,210 mi; 3,560 km) at 8 kn (9.2 mph; 15 km/h).[7] Displacement was 210 tonnes (207 long tons).[4]
Three 450 mm (17.7 in) torpedo tubes were fitted, with a gun armament of three 47 mm guns. The ships had a crew of 38 officers and men.[1]
Service
editOn delivery, the ships of the class equipped the 1st Squadron of High Seas Torpedo Boats, based first at La Spezia and then at Messina.[3] The ships of the class were active during the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–1912,[3] with Spica leading four Pegaso-class torpedo boats on a reconnaissance of the Dardanelles on the night of 18/19 July 1912, penetrating under fire about 18 kilometres (11 mi) before being stopped by a boom across the straits, and then escaping with little damage and no casualties.[8] Two ships, Scorpione and Serpente, were lost following collisions during the First World War, with the remaining ships being rearmed, with two 76 mm anti-aircraft guns replacing the 47 mm guns.[4] A third ship, Saffo was lost after running aground off Turkey on 2 April 1920.[4] The surviving ships were disposed of in 1923.[4]
Ships
edit| Ship | Laid down[4] | Launched[4] | Completed[4] | Operational History |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sirio | 27 December 1904 | 13 May 1905 | 29 September 1905 | Discarded 4 March 1923[4] |
| Sagittario | 20 December 1904 | 31 May 1905 | 3 November 1905 | Discarded 4 January 1923[4] |
| Spica | 14 January 1905 | 15 July 1905 | 22 November 1905 | Discarded 4 March 1923[4] |
| Scorpione | 17 January 1905 | 14 September 1905 | 13 December 1905 | Sank following collision with French gunboat Surveillente 15 May 1917[1][5][d] |
| Serpente | 1905 | 30 October 1905 | 12 February 1906 | Sank after collision with Italian merchant ship Citta di Bari 28 June 1916[1][5] |
| Saffo | 1905 | 30 November 1905 | 1 March 1906 | Lost after running aground Scalanova Bay, Turkey, 2 April 1920[4] |
Notes
edit- ^ Chesneau and Kolesnik,[1] Fock[2] and the current Italian Navy[3] refer to the class as the Sirio class, while Fraccaroli[4] and Purnell's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Modern Weapons and Warfare[5] refer to the Saffo class.
- ^ Work also begun in at the Pattison shipyard of Naples on four torpedo boats of similar size to a design by the British torpedo-craft specialist Thornycroft, the initial members of the Pegaso-class torpedo boat.[6]
- ^ Speeds of up to 25.7 knots (47.6 km/h; 29.6 mph) were reached during sea trials.[4]
- ^ Fraccaroli swaps the dates and circumstances of the loss of Scorpione and Serpente.[4]
Citations
edit- ^ a b c d e f Chesneau and Kolesnik 1979, p. 359.
- ^ Fock 1979, p. 141
- ^ a b c "Sezione Torpediniere: Sottosezione Torpediniere da costa: Classe Sirio". Marina Militare. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Fraccaroli 1970, p. 78.
- ^ a b c d Purnell's Illustrated Encyclopedia of Modern Weapons and Warfare, p. 2138.
- ^ Fraccaroli 1970, p. 80.
- ^ Fock 1979, p. 142
- ^ Beehler 1913, pp. 87–90.
References
edit- Beehler, William Henry (1913). The History of the Italian-Turkish War, Sept. 29, 1911 to Oct. 18, 1912. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Advertiser-Republican.
- Chesneau, Roger; Kolesnik, Eugene M (1979). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-133-5.
- Fock, Harald (1979). Schwartze Gesellen: Band 1: Torpedoboote bis 1914 (in German). Herford, Germany: Koehlers Verlagsgesellsachft mbH. ISBN 3-7822-0193-0.
- Fraccaroli, Aldo (1970). Italian Warships of World War 1. London: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0105-7.
External links
edit- Classe Sirio (1905) Marina Militare website
