Sir William Cockburn, 11th Baronet[2] (2 June 1773 – 30 April 1858) was a Church of England clergyman. He was Dean of York (1823–1858) and was famously defended on a charge of simony by his nephew Sir Alexander Cockburn, 12th Baronet in 1841.
The Reverend Sir William Cockburn | |
|---|---|
| |
| Church | Church of England |
| Appointed | 1822 |
| Term ended | 1858 |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 1800 |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 2 June 1773 |
| Died | 30 April 1858 Kelston[1] |
| Parents | Sir James Cockburn, 8th Baronet and Augusta Anne Ayscough |
| Spouse |
|
| Alma mater | St John's College, Cambridge |
Biography
editCockburn was the third son of Sir James Cockburn, 8th Baronet and his second wife Augusta Anne Ayscough. His maternal grandfather was Francis Ayscough, Dean of Bristol. In 1853 Cockburn was made a baronet after the death of his brother, George.
In 1805, he married Elizabeth Peel (died 16 June 1828[3]), sister of Sir Robert Peel.[4] She gave birth to three sons. James, the eldest, died in 1845 at the age of 38,[5] Robert, the second son, died in 1850, aged 42,[6] and George, the third son, died in 1850, aged 37.[7] In 1830 Cockburn married Margaret Pearce, the daughter of a Colonel Pearce, but they had no children.[8]
Cockburn was educated at Charterhouse School and St John's College, Cambridge, graduating as twelfth wrangler in 1795 and receiving his MA in 1798 and DD in 1823.[1] A fellow of St John's from 1796 to 1806, he was the first Christian Advocate of Cambridge University from 1803 to 1810.[1][9] He was also a vocal scriptural geologist.[10]
William Cockburn was ordained in the Church of England as a deacon in 1800 and as priest the following year. In 1822 he became the Dean of York, the chief place of authority and dignity in the cathedral and a position he held until his death in 1858.[4][11] Between 1829 and 1830, he was the incumbent vicar at the St Hilda in Ellerburn, a hamlet east of Pickering in North Yorkshire.[12] From 1832 onwards he was also rector of Kelston, Somerset, near Bristol, where he generally spent half the year.[13]
In 1824 he was elected as a Vice-President of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society.[14]
At age 84, Cockburn died in Kelston on 30 April 1858, after more than a year of growing infirmities.[11]
Accused and acquitted of simony
editIn 1829 a fanatical Methodist set fire to the Minster causing considerable damage. As Dean, Cockburn was responsible to manage the repairs, which he did not do well. A second, accidental fire in 1840 again caused massive damage. Conflicts over the restoration work and Cockburn's unwise financial management finally reached a boiling point in 1841, when a York prebendary accused Cockburn of simony. Cockburn was foolishly frank, muddled his accounts, used repair funds for non-repair purposes, was intolerable to clear-thinking accountants and made too many independent decisions. Eventually, litigation involving the Archbishop of York led to a judgment deposing Cockburn from the Deanery. Cockburn appealed to the court of the Queen's Bench, which ruled "almost contemptuously" in favour of Cockburn, being particularly critical of the prosecuting attorney, Dr. Phillimore, Regius Professor of Civil Law at Oxford, for his ignorance of the applicable laws. The reputation of the Minster suffered badly from this affair. However, the whole city of York was pleased that Cockburn was still dean and tried to raise money to give him a token of their respect. When Cockburn discovered the plan, he insisted they not do it because it would foster unpleasant memories for everyone.[13]
Modern critics
editHistorian Gillespie describes even "reasonably respectable" Cockburn's views as clerical "fulminations against science in general and all its works",[10] and listed his works[15] as among "clerical attacks on geology and uninformed attempts to frame theoretical systems reconciling the geological and scriptural records."[16]
References
editNotes
- ^ a b c "Cockburn, William (CKBN791W)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
- ^ Pronounced "Cogburn"
- ^ Hereford Journal – weds 25.06.1828 "On Monday, at Brickhill, Elizabeth Cockburn, wife of the Dean of York, and daughter of Sir R. Peel, Bart."
- ^ a b "The Rev. William Cockburn, D.D.". The Times. 10 April 1841. p. 6 col.b. reprinted from the Cambridge Advertiser
- ^ Exeter & Plymouth Gazette – 03.01.1846 "Dec. 28, at Kelston Rectory, near bath, James Peel Cockburn, Esq. of Salcombe House, in this county, son of the Dean of York."
- ^ York Herald – 22.06.1850 "On Saturday, the 15th inst., at Kelston Rectory, Robert Drayton Cockburn, Esq., second son of the Very Rev. the Dean of York, and nephew of Sir Robert Peel." Bristol Mercury – 22.06.1850 " June 15, at Kelston, near Bath, the residence of his father (the dean of York), Robert D Cockburn, Esq. aged 42."
- ^ Exeter & Plymouth Gazette – Saturday 14.09.1850 "Sept. 9, at Core Hill, Sidmouth, deeply regretted, George Cockburn, Esq., aged 37 years, the only remaining son of the Dean of York."
- ^ "Obituary". The Gentleman's Magazine. IV: 670–71. 1858.
- ^ Cockburn, William (1809). Strictures on Clerical Education in the University of Cambridge.
In this work he defined his job as Christian advocate to be "to offer replies, according to the best of his abilities, to such new arrangements as may be published against the divine mission of Jesus Christ" (p. 3). Here he complained of the inadequate undergraduate training of men for the ministry and offered suggestions for improving theological and ecclesiastical knowledge.
- ^ a b Gillispie 1996, p. 152.
- ^ a b "The Late Dean of York". Yorkshire Gazette: 4. 15 May 1858.
- ^ Jeffery, Reginald W (1931). "10: The church and vicars of Ellerburn". Thornton-le-Dale. Being the history of the people of Thornton, Ellerburn-cum-Farmanby, Roxby, Dalby, and Thornton Marishes from the earliest times to the present day. Wakefield: West Yorkshire Print Company. p. 192. OCLC 4345568.
- ^ a b Aylmer & Cant 1977, pp. 274–287.
- ^ Annual Report of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society for 1824 (Report). Yorkshire Philosophical Society. 1825. p. 34.
- ^ Specifically: The Bible Defended Against the British Association (1839) and A Letter to Professor Buckland Concerning the Origin of the World (1838)
- ^ Gillispie 1996, p. 248
Sources
- Aylmer, G.E.; Cant, Reginald (1977). A History of York Minster.
- Cockburn, William (1838). A Letter to Professor Buckland concerning the Origin of the World. London: Hatchard & Son.
- Cockburn, William (1845). The Bible Defended Against the British Association. London: Whittaker & Company.
- Leigh Rayment's list of baronets
- [Anon.] (1841) A Report of the Proceedings in the Visitatorial Court of His Grace the Archbishop of York, London: Crofts & Blenkarn; Whitaker & Co.
- Dates at Institute of Historical Research
- Duffus, T. (1854–) Fasti Ecclesiae AnglicanaeIII, iv. 7
- Gillispie, C. C. (1996). Genesis and Geology. London: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-34481-2.