Johann Sebastian Bach composed the church cantata Siehe, ich will viel Fischer aussenden (Behold, I will send out many fishers),[1] BWV 88 in Leipzig for the fifth Sunday after Trinity within the liturgical year and first performed it on 21 July 1726.
| Siehe, ich will viel Fischer aussenden | |
|---|---|
BWV 88 | |
| Church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach | |
 Fisherman in the Lake of Gennesaret, where Jesus called his disciples (1890–1900) | |
| Occasion | Fifth Sunday after Trinity |
| Chorale | "Wer nur den lieben Gott läßt walten" by Georg Neumark |
| Performed | 21 July 1726: Leipzig |
| Movements | seven |
| Vocal | SATB soloists and choir |
| Instrumental |
|
Bach composed the cantata after several complete cantata cycles written in Leipzig for the occasions of the liturgical year. The cantata text resembles works which his second cousin Johann Ludwig Bach set to music. Based on the prescribed gospel reading of the great catch of fish, an unknown librettist based his poetry on quotations from the Old Testament in the opening movement and the New Testament as the central movement, and closed it by the final stanza of Georg Neumark's hymn "Wer nur den lieben Gott läßt walten". The cantata is structured in seven movements in two parts (three and four movements), to be performed before and after the sermon. It is scored for an intimate ensemble of four vocal soloists, a choir only in the chorale, two horns, two oboes d'amore, taille, strings and continuo. The central movement is composed as a biblical scene, with the Evangelist introducing Jesus sending Peter, a fisherman, to "fish" men.
History and words
edit
Bach composed the cantata in Leipzig for the Fifth Sunday after Trinity.[2] The prescribed readings for the Sunday were from the First Epistle of Peter, 1 Peter 3:8–15 "Sanctify the Lord God in your hearts", and from the Gospel of Luke, Luke 5:1–11, Peter's great catch of fish. The text of this cantata and six others is similar in structure and content to cantatas texts set by Johann Ludwig Bach, his second cousin. The theme is derived from the gospel. A related verse of Jeremiah (Jeremiah 16:16) opens the cantata. The prophecy referred originally to the return from the captivity in Babylon. The central movement, opening the second part to be performed after the sermon, is the quotation of verse 10 from the gospel. The cantata is closed by the final stanza of Georg Neumark's hymn "Wer nur den lieben Gott läßt walten"[3] (1641). This chorale had served as the base for Bach's chorale cantata for the same occasion in 1724, Wer nur den lieben Gott läßt walten, BWV 93, part of his second annual cycle.[2]
Bach led the first performance of the cantata on 21 July 1726.[2]
Music
editScoring and structure
editThe cantata is structured in two parts to be performed before and after the sermon, the first part in three solo movements, the second in three solo movements and a closing chorale. It is scored for four vocal soloists (soprano (S), alto (A), tenor (T) and bass (B)), a four-part choir SATB only in the chorale, two horns (Co), two oboes d'amore (Oa), taille (Ot), two violins (Vl), viola (Va), and basso continuo (Bc).[2] The duration is given as 22 minutes.[2] The autograph title page reads: "Domin. 5 post Trinit. / Siehe, ich will viel Fischer aussenden, / a / 4 Voci / 2 Corni / 3 Hautb. d'Amour / 2 Viol. / Viola / e / Cont. / di / J.S.Bach."[4]
In the following table of the movements, the scoring follows the Neue Bach-Ausgabe.[5] The keys and time signatures are taken from Alfred Dürr, using the symbols for common time (4/4) and alla breve (2/2).[2] The instruments are shown separately for winds and strings, while the continuo, playing throughout, is not shown.
| No. | Title | Text | Type | Vocal | Winds | Strings | Key | Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
|
Jeremiah 16:16 | Basso solo | B |
|
2Vl Va |
| |
| 2 | Wie leichtlich könnte doch der Höchste uns entbehren | anon. | Recitative | T | 
| |||
| 3 | Nein, Gott ist allezeit geflissen | anon. | Aria | T | 2Oa | 2Vl Va | E minor | 3/8 |
| No. | Title | Text | Type | Vocal | Winds | Strings | Key | Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | Jesus sprach zu Simon: Fürchte dich nicht | anon. | Arioso | T B | 2Vl Va |
|
| |
| 5 | Beruft Gott selbst, so muss der Segen | anon. | Duet aria | S A | 2Oa | 2Vl Va | A major | 
|
| 6 | Was kann dich denn in deinem Wandel schrecken | anon. | Recitative | S | ||||
| 7 | Sing, bet und geh auf Gottes Wegen | Neumark | Chorale | SATB | 2Ob Ot | 2Vl Va | B minor |
|
Movements
edit1
editThe opening movement, "Siehe, ich will viel Fischer aussenden" (Behold, I will send out many fishers),[1] is given to the bass solo, possibly because Jeremiah has God speak in the first person.[6] The music follows the text in two sections, as in a motet. Probably, therefore, Bach avoided the title aria and wrote basso solo instead.[2] Some cantatas on texts by Christiana Mariana von Ziegler from the second annual cycle begin in a similar way with a bible quotation, of Jesus saying "Ich bin ein guter Hirt" (I am a Good Shepherd, BWV 85), "Es ist euch gut, daß ich hingehe" (It is good for you that I leave, BWV 108), and Jesus saying "Bisher habt ihr nichts gebeten in meinem Namen" (Until now you have asked for nothing in My name, BWV 87).[6]
The two sections reflect two concepts mentioned in the text: Fischer (fishermen) and Jäger (hunters). The first section paints a seascape in an undulating figuration of the strings with the oboes in 6/8 time on a pedal point. Bach "represents the movement of waves and water",[6] described as a barcarolle by John Eliot Gardiner, the conductor of the Bach Cantata Pilgrimage in 2000.[7] The voice presents the text several times in varied declamation. Suddenly the scene changes to a hunting scene, horns join the orchestra, the tempo in common time is marked "allegro quasi presto". The voice is again set in expressive declamation, saying "And afterwards I will send out many hunters ...".[1][2]
2
editThe recitative "Wie leichtlich könnte doch der Höchste uns entbehren" (How easily could the Highest do without us),[1] ends on a question, "Does He ... abandon us to the deceit and trickery of the enemy?"[1]
3
editThe answer is given in the aria "Nein, Gott ist allezeit geflissen" (No, God is always concerned),[1] It begins immediately, without the usual ritornello, a passionate: "Nein, nein" (No, no). The middle section begins with a contrasting, but also passionate "Ja, ja" (Yes, yes). In the very end, the strings join the obbligato oboe d'amore and play a ritornello, reminiscent of a minuet. According to Alfred Dürr, the clear, even structure may symbolize the "rechte Bahn" ("right path"[1] or "true path"[2]) mentioned in the text.[2]
4
editMovement 4 is a scene from the gospel, and forms the centre of the composition. The tenor as the Evangelist announces "Jesus sprach zu Simon:" (Jesus said to Simon).[1] The direct speech of Jesus, calling Peter as his disciple, is sung by the bass as the vox Christi (voice of Christ): "Fürchte dich nicht; den von nun an wirst du Menschen fahen" (Fear not, from henceforth thou shalt catch men).[1] The careful phasing is set on a continuo quasi ostinato.[2]
5
editA duet of soprano and alto, "Beruft Gott selbst, so muss der Segen" (If God Himself calls, then blessing)[1] reflects God's blessing.
6
editA recitative of the soprano, "Was kann dich denn in deinem Wandel schrecken" (What then can frighten you in your journey)[1] expresses the consequence.
7
editThe closing chorale[8] confirms, "Sing, bet und geh auf Gottes Wegen" (Sing, pray and walk in God's ways).[1] It is a four-part setting.[7]
Recordings
editThe listing is taken from the selection provided on the Bach Cantatas Website.[9] Ensembles playing period instruments in historically informed performance are marked by green background.
| Title | Conductor / Choir / Orchestra | Soloists | Label | Year | Orch. type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Die Bach Kantate Vol. 42 | Helmuth RillingFiguralchor of the Gedächtniskirche StuttgartBach-Collegium Stuttgart | Hänssler | 1970 | ||
| J. S. Bach: Das Kantatenwerk • Complete Cantatas • Les Cantates, Folge / Vol. 79 | Gustav LeonhardtLeonhardt-Consort |
|
Teldec | 1979 | Period |
| Bach Cantatas Vol. 3: Tewkesbury/Mühlhausen / For the 4th Sunday after Trinity / For the 5th Sunday after Trinity | John Eliot GardinerMonteverdi ChoirEnglish Baroque Soloists | Soli Deo Gloria | 2000 | Period | |
| Bach Edition Vol. 2 – Cantatas Vol. 6 | Pieter Jan LeusinkHolland Boys ChoirNetherlands Bach Collegium | Brilliant Classics | 2000 | Period | |
| J. S. Bach: Complete Cantatas Vol. 19 | Ton KoopmanAmsterdam Baroque Orchestra & Choir | Antoine Marchand | 2002 | Period | |
| J. S. Bach: Cantatas Vol. 44 | Masaaki SuzukiBach Collegium Japan | BIS | 2008 | Period
|
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Dellal, Pamela. "BWV 88– Siehe, ich will viel Fischer aussenden". Emmanuel Music. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Dürr, Alfred; Jones, Richard D. P. (2006). The Cantatas of J. S. Bach: With Their Librettos in German-English Parallel Text. Oxford University Press. pp. 429–438. ISBN 978-0-19-929776-4.
- ^ "Wer nur den lieben Gott läßt walten / Text and Translation of Chorale". Bach Cantatas Website. 2008. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
- ^ Grob, Jochen (2014). "BWV 88 / BC A 105" (in German). s-line.de. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ^ Bischof, Walter F. "BWV 88 Siehe, ich will viel Fischer aussenden". University of Alberta. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
- ^ a b c Julian Mincham (2010). "Chapter 18 BWV 88 Siehe, ich will viel Fischer aussenden / See, I shall send forth many fishermen, said the Lord". jsbachcantatas.com. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
- ^ a b Gardiner, John Eliot (2008). Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) / Cantatas Nos 24, 71, 88, 93, 131, 177 & 185 (Cantatas Vol 3) (Media notes). Soli Deo Gloria (at Hyperion Records website). Retrieved 11 August 2018.
- ^ "Chorale Melodies used in Bach's Vocal Works / Wer nur den lieben Gott läßt walten". Bach Cantatas Website. 2006. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
- ^ Oron, Aryeh (2015). "Cantata BWV 88 Siehe, ich will viel Fischer aussenden". Bach Cantatas Website. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
Sources
edit- Siehe, ich will viel Fischer aussenden, BWV 88: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
- Siehe, ich will viel Fischer aussenden BWV 88; BC A 105 / Sacred cantata (5th Sunday after Trinity) Bach Digital
- BWV 88 Siehe, ich will viel Fischer aussenden English translation, University of Vermont
- Luke Dahn: BWV 88.7 bach-chorales.com