Shuttarna II (or Šuttarna) was a king of the Hurrian kingdom of Mitanni in the early 14th century BC.[1]
| Shuttarna II | |
|---|---|
| King of Mitanni | |
| Reign | c. 1400-1380 BC |
| Predecessor | Artatama I |
| Successor | Artashumara |
| Issue | Artashumara Tushratta Gilukhipa |
Family
editShuttarna II was the successor and probably a son of Artatama I.
He was succeeded by his sons, Artashumara, under dubious circumstances, then Tushratta.
Reign
editDuring the reign of Shuttarna, the kingdom of Mitanni reached its height of power and prosperity. From Alalakh in the west, Mitanni shared its border with Egypt in northern Syria, approximately by the river Orontes. Two tablets sealed by Shuttarna were found at Tall Bazi on the Euphrates.[2] Other tablets sealed by him were found at Alalakh, Tell Brak, Nuzi and Umm el-Marra.[3][4] The heart of the kingdom was in the Khabur River basin where the capital Washshukanni was situated. Assyria as well as Arrapha in the east were vassal kingdoms of Mitanni. The Hittites attempted to invade the northern border lands of Mitanni, but were defeated by Shuttarna.
Egypt
editHe was an ally of the Egyptian Pharaoh Amenhotep III and the diplomatic dealings of the kings are briefly recorded in the Amarna letters EA#182, EA#183 and EA#184.[5] Shuttarna's daughter Kilu-Hepa (sometimes spelled Gilukhepa) was given to Amenhotep III in marriage to seal the alliance between the two royal houses in the Pharaoh's 10th regnal year, taking with her a great dowry.[6]
See also
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References
edit- ^ Dise Jr., Robert (2009). Ancient Empires before Alexander (DVD 2). Part 1 of 3. Chantilly, VA: The Teaching Company. pp. Lecture 6: Mitanni and the Kassites. ISBN 978-159803557-5.
- ^ Torrecilla, Eduardo, and Yoram Cohen. “A MITTANI LETTER ORDER FROM AZU (HAD 8) AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CHRONOLOGY AND HISTORY OF THE MIDDLE EUPHRATES REGION IN THE LATE BRONZE AGE.” Revue d’Assyriologie et d’archéologie Orientale, vol. 112, 2018, pp. 149–58
- ^ Cooper, J., G. Schwartz - R. Westbrook, "A Mittani-Era Tablet from Umm el-Marra", in: D. I. Owen - G. Wilhelm (eds.), General Studies and Excavations at Nuzi 11/1 (SCCNH 15), Bethesda, Md., 41, 2005
- ^ Sallaberger, Walther, Berthold Einwag & Adelheid Otto Schenkungen von Mittani-Königen an die Einwohner von Baru. Die zwei Urkunden aus Tall Bazi am Mittleren Euphrat, ZA 96: 69–104, 2006
- ^ Moran, William L. (1992). The Amarna Letters. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. xiv. ISBN 0-8018-4251-4.
- ^ Schulman, Alan R. “Diplomatic Marriage in the Egyptian New Kingdom.” Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 38, no. 3, 1979, pp. 177–93