Shingqo Sheli Tutung or Šiŋko Šäli Tutuŋ (Old Uyghur: š̤yṅkq̈w š̤ʾly twtwnk), also known by his Chinese name Master Shengguang (Chinese: 胜光法师; pinyin: Shèngguāng Fǎshī) was an Uyghur scholar, translator and poet lived in 11th-12th centuries.[1]
Identity
editBorn in Beshbalik, he was a Buddhist. He is mostly regarded as an Uyghur, but Takao Moriyasu argued that he could be Chinese as well.[2] Klaus Röhrborn believed that he was not only a translator, but a Chinese head of a group of Uyghur translators who worked on Buddhist texts.[3] He was also described as a poet[4] since he translated original Chinese poems creatively, without limiting himself with literal translation.[5] He is also described as well-versed in kāvya style.[6]
Works
editHe is mostly known for his translation of Golden Light Sutra from Chinese to Old Uyghur, which he dubbed Altun Yaruq (Golden Light).[1] A copy of this was found by Russian turkologist Sergey Malov in a Buddhist stupa used by Yugurs in Wenshugou (文殊沟) village in Sunan, which was made in 1687 by Bilge Taluy Shashi.[7] Yet another copy of it was found by Friedrich Müller during his Turfan expedition. He was proficient in Sankskrit and Tocharian. He is also known as a translator of the biography of Xuanzang.[8] In 2000, Kahar Barat published an annotated English edition of parts of this translation.[9] He could be a follower of Vijñānavāda, a Buddhist philosophy embraced by Xuanzang himself.[5] He is also credited with translation of "Eight Heaven Sutra" from Chinese to Uyghur which he named Säkiz Yükmäk Yaruq.[2][10] An extensive work dedicated to this translation has been authored by Juten Oda.[11]
Notes
edit- 1.^ Full title in Old Uyghur: Altun örjlüg yaruk yaltriklig kopda kötrülmis nom eligi atlig nom bitig (Shining with golden luster, exalted king-book above all)
- 2.^ Full title: Chinese: 佛說天地八陽神咒經; pinyin: Fú shuō tiāndì bāyáng shénzhòu jīng; lit. 'The Scripture of the Divine Spell of the Eight Yang of Heaven and Earth Spoken by the Buddha'; Old Uyghur: Täŋri Burhan yarlıkamıš täŋrili yerli säkiz yükmäk yaruk bügülüg arvıš nom bitig bir tägzinč
References
edit- ^ Raschmann, Simone-Christiane (2020-01-02), "Pilgrims in Old Uyghur Inscriptions: A Glimpse behind Their Records", Buddhism in Central Asia I, Brill, pp. 204–229, doi:10.1163/9789004417731_010, ISBN 978-90-04-41773-1, retrieved 2024-02-13
- ^ Moriyasu, Takao (2008). "Chronology of West Uighur Buddhism: Re-examination of the Dating of the Wall-paintings in the Grünwedel Cave No. 8 (New: No. 18), Bezeklik". In Zieme, Peter (ed.). Aspects of research into central Asian Buddhism: in memoriam Kogi Kudara. Silk road studies. Turnhout: Brepols. p. 209. ISBN 978-2-503-52751-2.
- ^ Huili; Yancong; Röhrborn, Klaus (1996). Xuanzangs Leben und Werk. 5: Die alttürkische Xuanzang-Biographie VIII: nach der Handschrift von Paris, Peking und St. Petersburg sowie nach dem Transkript von Annemarie v. Gabain / hrsg., übers. und kommentiert von Klaus Röhrborn (in German). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. p. 2. ISBN 978-3-447-03727-3.
- ^ Arat, Reşid Rahmeti (1991). Eski Türk şiiri [tr]. Türk tarih kurumu (3. bsk ed.). Ankara: Türk tarih kurumu. pp. xviii–xxi. ISBN 978-975-16-0390-6.
- ^ a b Ayazlı, Özlem (2022-01-01). "Şingko Şäli Tutung ve Altun Yaruk Çevirisi Üzerine" [On the Translation of Shingqo Sheli Tutung and Altun Yaruk]. Papers of the International Workshop Old Uighur Studies in Memory of Şingko Şeli Tutung from Beşbalık (in Turkish). Ankara: Turkish Language Association.
- ^ Yunusoğlu, Mağfiret Kemal (2011). "Şingko Şeli Tutung'un tercüme üslubu üzerine" [On the translation style of Shingko Sheli Tutung] (PDF). Papers of the International Workshop Old Uighur Studies in Memory of Şingko Şeli Tutung from Beşbalık (in Turkish).
- ^ Malov, Sergey (1951). "Отрывки из книги «3олотой блеск»" [Excerpts from the book “Golden Sutra”]. Памятники древнетюркской письменности [Monuments of ancient Turkic writing] (in Russian). Moscow: Nauka. pp. 145–199.
- ^ Geng, Shimin (1990). "回鹘文《玄奘传》及其译者胜光法师" [The Uighur "The Biography of Xuanzang" and its translator Master Shengguang]. Journal of Minzu University of China: Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition (in Chinese) (6): 66–70.
- ^ Kahar Barat (2000). The Uygur-Turkic biography of the seventh-century chinese buddhist pilgrim Xuanzang: ninth and tenth chapters. Uralic and Altaic series. Bloomington, Ind: Indiana university, Research institute for inner Asian studies. ISBN 978-0-933070-46-2.
- ^ Barat, Kahar. "Šïngqo Šäli Tutung traducteur du säkiz yükmäk yaruq nom?". Journal asiatique (in French). 278 (1–2): 155–166.
- ^ Oda, Juten (2015). A study of the Buddhist sūtra called "Säkiz yükmäk yaruq" or "Säkiz törlügin yarumïš yaltrïmïs"̌ in Old Turkic. Berliner Turfantexte. Turnhout: Brepols. ISBN 978-2-503-56540-8.