Sharanish (Kurdish: شرانش, romanized: Şêraniş,[2][3] Hebrew: שראנש,[4] Syriac: ܫܪܢܘܫ)[5][nb 1] is an Assyrian village in Dohuk Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It is located near the Iraq–Turkey border in the district of Zakho. The village has two Chaldean Catholic churches, Mart Shmune and Mar Kiriakos, both parishes' namesakes being patron saints of Sharanish.[7][5]
Sharanish | |
|---|---|
Village | |
  Sharanish Location in Iraq  Sharanish Sharanish (Iraqi Kurdistan) | |
| Coordinates: 37°14′02″N 42°50′46″E / 37.23389°N 42.84611°E | |
| Country |  Iraq |
| Region |  Kurdistan Region |
| Governorate | Dohuk Governorate |
| District | Zakho District |
| Population (2016) | |
• Total | 220[1] |
Etymology
editAccording to local tradition, the name of the village is derived from an ancient princess named Shiranoosh.[5][10]
History
editSharanish was formerly home to one of the oldest Jewish communities in the region.[4] The nearby river was used as a mikveh,[4] and the community had its own graveyard.[11] In the 18th century, Jews from Sharanish migrated to the Jewish village of Sandur.[12] The synagogue was converted into the church of Mart Shmune.[5] The church of Mar Kiriakos is purported to be over 400 years old.[5]
In 1913, 600 Chaldean Catholics inhabited Sharanish, and were served by one priest and two functioning churches as part of the diocese of Zakho.[13] To escape the Assyrian genocide, during the First World War, the population of Sharanish fled with Agha Petros, and eventually returned after seven years.[5] In the 1920s, the village was controlled by the Sindi tribe, and its agha (chief) Jamil resented British rule, and thus he ambushed and killed six policemen, likely former or active Assyrian levies, near Sharanish in April 1925.[14]
Sharanish was populated by 384 Assyrians in 1957.[10] The village was looted and destroyed by Iraqi soldiers and Zebari Kurds during the First Iraqi–Kurdish War in 1961.[15] Until the village's destruction, there were 80 households at Sharanish.[10] The village was rebuilt as its inhabitants gradually returned and, by 1978, 2000 Assyrians in 160 families inhabited Sharanish with a school.[16] The village was largely destroyed by the Iraqi army in 1987 during the Al-Anfal campaign, and 80 families were displaced, and most fled to urban centres, such as Baghdad and Mosul.[5][17] Some villagers returned to Sharanish, but several people were killed by Turkish airstrikes in 1991 as part of the Kurdish-Turkish conflict,[17] and only 2 people remained by 1995.[5] As a consequence of the Iraq War, Assyrians in urban centres suffered from attacks, and returned to Sharanish in the early 2000s.[5][18]
In 2005, the Hezel Foundation constructed 83 houses, a church, hall, and school.[5] In 2015, 570 displaced people inhabited Sharanish, including a number of Yazidis, in addition to the village's population of 141 Assyrians.[19][20] Sharanish was bombed by the Turkish Air Force on 17 January 2016 on the pretext of combatting the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), and the village's population found temporary refuge in Zakho.[1][nb 2] The village was further damaged by Turkish airstrikes from 22 to 24 March 2019.[3][22] The village was also bombarded in 2019 by Turkish artillery on 29 March,[3] and 6 April, with no casualties.[8] Humanitarian aid was delivered to families displaced by the Turkish bombing in Sharanish by the Assyrian Aid Society in August 2019.[23] The village was hit again by Turkish airstrikes in June 2021.[24]
Notable people
edit- Alphonse Mingana (1878–1937), Assyrian scholar
See also
editReferences
editNotes
- ^ Alternatively transliterated as Sharanesh,[6] Sharanush,[7] Sharansh,[8] or Sharansh al-'Ulya.[9]
- ^ The Assyrian Confederation of Europe put the population of the village in January 2016 as 80 Assyrian families,[21] whereas Kurdistan 24 reported Sharanish was inhabited by 220 Assyrians, with 50 families.[1]
Citations
- ^ a b c Khalidi, Ari (19 January 2016). "Christian village deserted after Turkish airstrikes". Kurdistan 24. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
- ^ KRSO (2009), p. 148.
- ^ a b c Demîr, Denîz (1 April 2019). "Artêşa Tirk bombe li gundê Şêraniş ê Zaxoyê barand". Firat News Agency (in Kurdish). Retrieved 19 December 2019.
- ^ a b c "Old Road (Mikveh Area), Sharanesh, Iraq". Diarna: The Geo-Museum of North African and Middle Eastern Jewish Life. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Sharanish: A Jewel of Our Nation". Ishtar TV. 20 April 2011. Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
- ^ Carlson, Thomas A. (14 January 2014). "Sharanesh". Syriac Gazetteer. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
- ^ a b "Mart Shmune church – Sharanush". Ishtar TV. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
- ^ a b "Turkish artillery shells a Christian church in Zakho". PUKmedia. 6 April 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
- ^ Taylor (2004).
- ^ a b c Donabed (2015), p. 346.
- ^ "Cemetery, Sharanesh, Iraq". Diarna: The Geo-Museum of North African and Middle Eastern Jewish Life. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
- ^ Zaken (2007), p. 131.
- ^ Wilmshurst (2000), p. 109.
- ^ Zaken (2007), pp. 47–49.
- ^ Eshoo 2004, pp. 12–13; Donabed 2015, p. 346.
- ^ Eshoo 2004, pp. 12–13; Donabed 2015, pp. 346–347.
- ^ a b Eshoo (2004), pp. 12–13.
- ^ "Christians seek sanctuary in ancestral homeland". Gulf News. 13 September 2004. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
- ^ "قرية شرانش". Ishtar TV (in Arabic). 24 June 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
- ^ Before It’s Too Late - A Report Concerning the Ongoing Genocide and Persecution Endured by the Yazidis in Iraq, and Their Need for Immediate Protection. Persecution Prevention Project, June 2019, p. 10.
- ^ "Assyrian Confederation of Europe Calls for End to Turkish Bombings of Assyrian Areas". Assyrian International News Agency. 26 January 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
- ^ "TURKISH WARPLANES CONTINUE TO BOMB SUSPECTED PKK POSITIONS IN KURDISTAN". NRT News. 24 March 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
- ^ "AAS-Iraq Distributes Humanitarian Aid To Displaced Families From Sharanesh Village". Assyrian Aid Society. 20 August 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
- ^ "Turkish warplanes bomb 3 villages of Zakho". Hawar News Agency. 4 June 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
Bibliography
edit- Donabed, Sargon George (2015). Reforging a Forgotten History: Iraq and the Assyrians in the Twentieth Century. Edinburgh University Press.
- Eshoo, Majed (2004). The Fate Of Assyrian Villages Annexed To Today's Dohuk Governorate In Iraq And The Conditions In These Villages Following The Establishment Of The Iraqi State In 1921 (PDF). Translated by Mary Challita.
- KRSO (2009), "2009 - ناوی پاریزگا. يه که کارگيرييه كانی پاریزگاكانی هه ریمی کوردستان" (PDF), Kurdistan Region Statistics Office (KRSO) (in Kurdish), pp. 1–179, retrieved 6 February 2021
- Taylor, D. G. K. (2004). "Mingana, Alphonse [formerly Hurmiz Mingana]". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/59116. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8.
- Wilmshurst, David (2000). The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913. Peeters Publishers.
- Zaken, Mordechai (2007). Jewish Subjects and Their Tribal Chieftains in Kurdistan: A Study in Survival. Brill.