Sclerorhynchoidei is an extinct suborder of rajiform rays that had long rostra with large denticles similar to sawfishes and sawsharks. This feature was convergently evolved, recently proposed as 'pristification',[7] and their closest living relatives are actually skates.[8][9][10] While they are often called "sawfishes", sawskates is a more accurate common name proposed in 2021 for sclerorhynchoids,[11] which has been subsequently used by other researchers.[12][13][14]
| Sclerorhynchoidei Temporal range: Barremian-Maastrichtian
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| Comparison between a longnose sawshark (top and left), Sclerorhynchus (middle), and a largetooth sawfish (bottom and right) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Subclass: | Elasmobranchii |
| Order: | Rajiformes |
| Suborder: | †Sclerorhynchoidei Cappetta, 1980[1] |
| Families | |
| Synonyms | |
The suborder contains five named families: Ganopristidae, Ischyrhizidae, Onchopristidae, Ptychotrygonidae, and Schizorhizidae.[11] Several genera (see below) are not currently placed in any of these families. Sclerorhynchoids first appeared in the Barremian and went extinct during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, with former Paleocene occurrences being misidentifications or reworked specimens.[15][16] One female specimen of Libanopristis with nine embryos preserved in situ represents one of the first fossil evidence of batoid ovoviviparity.[17]
Phylogeny
editBelow is a cladogram of Sclerorhynchoidei, with the topology based on Villalobos-Segura et al. (2021b) and the family taxonomy based on Greenfield (2021).[10][11]
| Rajiformes |
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Other genera
editReferences
edit- ^ Cappetta, H. (1980). "Les Sélaciens du Crétacé supérieur du Liban. II. Batoïdes". Palaeontographica, Abteilung A. 168 (5–6): 149–229.
- ^ Case, G.R. (1978). "A new selachian fauna from the Judith River Formation (Campanian) of Montana". Palaeontographica, Abteilung A. 160 (1–6): 176–205.
- ^ Kriwet, J. (2004). "The systematic position of the Cretaceous sclerorhynchid sawfishes (Elasmobranchii, Pristiorajea)". In Arratia, G.; Tintori, A. (eds.). Mesozoic Fishes 3 – Systematics, Paleoenvironments and Biodiversity. Proceedings of the International Meeting Serpiano, 2001. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil. pp. 57–73. ISBN 3-89937-053-8.
- ^ Herman, J.; Van Waes, H. (2012a). "Observations diverses et déductions concernant l'evolution et la systématique de quelques Euselachii, Neoselachii et Batoidei (Pisces - Elasmobranchii), actuels et fossiles" (PDF). Géominpal Belgica. 2 (1): 1–89. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-17.
- ^ Herman, J.; Van Waes, H. (2012b). "Observations diverses et déductions concernant l'evolution et la systématique de quelques Euselachii, Neoselachii et Batoidei (Pisces - Elasmobranchii), actuels et fossiles. Données complémentaires" (PDF). Géominpal Belgica. 2 (2): 1–12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-17.
- ^ Herman, J.; Van Waes, H. (2014). "Observations concerning the evolution and the parasystematics of all the living and fossil Chlamydoselachiformes, Squatiniformes, Orectolobiformes, and Pristiophoriformes, based on both biological and odontological data. Suggestion of a possible origin of the order Pristiophoriformes, of the order Ganopristiformes and a global synthesis of the previous systematics proposals" (PDF). Géominpal Belgica. 6 (1): 1–347. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-17.
- ^ Greenfield, T. (2024). "Pristification: Defining the convergent evolution of saws in sharks and rays (Chondrichthyes, Neoselachii)". Mesozoic. 1 (2): 121–124. doi:10.11646/MESOZOIC.1.2.3.
- ^ Villalobos-Segura, E.; Underwood, C.J.; Ward, D.J.; Claeson, K.M. (2019). "The first three-dimensional fossils of Cretaceous sclerorhynchid sawfish: Asflapristis cristadentis gen. et sp. nov., and implications for the phylogenetic relations of the Sclerorhynchoidei (Chondrichthyes)" (PDF). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (21): 1847–1870. Bibcode:2019JSPal..17.1847V. doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1578832. S2CID 145940997.
- ^ Villalobos-Segura, E.; Underwood, C.J.; Ward, D.J. (2021a). "The first skeletal record of the enigmatic Cretaceous sawfish genus Ptychotrygon (Chondrichthyes, Batoidea) from the Turonian of Morocco" (PDF). Papers in Palaeontology. 7 (1): 353–376. Bibcode:2021PPal....7..353V. doi:10.1002/spp2.1287. S2CID 210302939.
- ^ a b Villalobos-Segura, E.; Kriwet, J.; Vullo, R.; Stumpf, S.; Ward, D.J.; Underwood, C.J. (2021b). "The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis (Elasmobranchii) from the 'Mid'-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 193 (2): 746–771. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa166. ISSN 0024-4082.
- ^ a b c Greenfield, T. (2021). "Corrections to the nomenclature of sawskates (Rajiformes, Sclerorhynchoidei)". Bionomina. 22 (1): 39–41. doi:10.11646/bionomina.22.1.3. S2CID 239067365.
- ^ Mulcahy, Kevin D. (2023). "Relative abundance of vertebrate fossil taxa in the Upper Cretaceous exposures of Monmouth County brooks & a test of species richness extrapolators". The Mosasaur. 13: 1–14. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7905373.
- ^ Smith, Roy E.; Martill, David M.; Longrich, N.; Unwin, David M.; Ibrahim, N.; Zouhri, S. (2023). "Comparative taphonomy of Kem Kem Group (Cretaceous) pterosaurs of southeast Morocco". Evolving Earth. 1. 100006. Bibcode:2023EvEar...100006S. doi:10.1016/j.eve.2023.100006.
- ^ George, H.; Bazzi, M.; El Hossny, T.; Ashraf, N.; Saad, Pierre A.; Clements, T. (2024). "The famous fish beds of Lebanon: the Upper Cretaceous Lagerstätten of Haqel, Hjoula, Nammoura, and Sahel Aalma". Journal of the Geological Society. 181 (5). doi:10.1144/jgs2023-210. ISSN 0016-7649.
- ^ Kriwet, J.; Kussius, K. (2001). "Paleobiology and paleobiogeography of sclerorhynchid sawfishes (Chondrichthyes, Batomorphii)". Revista Española de Paleontología. 16 (3): 35–46.
- ^ Cappetta, H. (2012). Handbook of Paleoichthyology. Volume 3E. Chondrichthyes. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Elasmobranchii: Teeth. Munich: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil. ISBN 978-3-89937-148-2.
- ^ Capasso, L. (2003). "Embryos and trophonems in Cenomanian rays from Lebanon (Batomorphii, Pisces)". Atti del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste. 50: 23–39. ISSN 0365-1576.