Sawar Khan

Nishan-e-Imtiaz
Nishan-e-Imtiaz ;
	<img src="//up.wiki.x.io/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Hilal-e-Imtiaz_%28Civilian%29.png/90px-Hilal-e-Imtiaz_%28Civilian%29.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="705"> ; Nishan-e-Imtiaz(Civilian); <img src="//up.wiki.x.io/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png/90px-Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="705"> ; Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Military)
Awarded by the Sovereign, on the advice of the Government
Type	Award
Eligibility	Pakistani or Foreign citizen
Awarded for	The highest degree of service to the state, and for services to international diplomacy.
Status	Currently constituted
Sovereign	President of Pakistan
Sovereign	Prime minister of Pakistan
Grades	5 grade: Star (1st Class); Badge (Second Class); Ribbon (military only); Collar Chain (4th class); Medal (5th Class);
Statistics
First induction	19 March 1957
Precedence
Next (higher)	None
Next (lower)	Hilal-e-Imtiaz
	<img src="//up.wiki.x.io/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Hilal-e-Imtiaz_%28Civilian%29.png/90px-Hilal-e-Imtiaz_%28Civilian%29.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="705"> ; Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Civilian); <img src="//up.wiki.x.io/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Hilal-e-Imtiaz.png/90px-Hilal-e-Imtiaz.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="705"> ; Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Military); ;

General
Sawar Khan
NI(M) HI(M) SBt
General Sawar Khan NI(M) HI(M) SBt
سوار خان
1st Vice Chief of Army Staff
	In office; 1 May 1980 – 23 March 1984
President	Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
Succeeded by	General Khalid Mahmud Arif
Personal details
Born	Sawar Khan; 1 December 1924; Rawalpindi District, Punjab Province, British India
Died	November 2023 (aged 98); Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Resting place	Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Nationality	Pakistani
Spouse	Khadijah Bano
Residence(s)	Westridge 1 Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Alma mater	Officers' Training School (Bangalore, India)
Military service
Allegiance	British India (1946–47); Pakistan (1947–84)
Branch/service	British Indian Army; Pakistan Army
Years of service	1946–1984
Rank	General
Unit	Artillery
Commands	XI Corps Peshawar; Adjutant General (AG); IV Corps, Lahore; Vice Chief of Army Staff (VCOAS);
Battles/wars	Indo-Pakistani War of 1965; Indo-Pakistani War of 1971;
Awards	Nishan-i-Imtiaz ; Hilal-i-Imtiaz; Sitara-i-Basalat; Order of Military Merit
Post-Retirement Work	Community Service President Northern University, Nowshera Khyber Pakhtunkhuwa

General Sawar Khan NI(M) HI(M) SBt (Urdu: سوار خان; 1 December 1924 – November 2023) was a four-star general of the Pakistan Army who was the Governor of the largest province, Punjab and the Vice Chief of Army Staff during the era of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, when Zia was simultaneously the Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan) and the President of Pakistan.

Khan died in November 2023, at the age of 99.^[1]

Early life and military career

Sawar Khan was born in Rawalpindi District, British India on 1 December 1924.^[1] He was commissioned before the independence of Pakistan in 1947 into the Indian Army's Corps of Artillery. He later opted for Pakistan Army in 1947. As a captain, Sawar became the Instructor Gunnery (IG) at the Artillery School.^[2]

General officer

Khan was promoted to Lt. General on 24 March 1976 by General Zia-ul-Haq after he became the Chief of Army Staff superseding five other generals. Sawar Khan who at the time was serving as Adjutant General (AG) at the GHQ was sent as the Commander XI Corps, Peshawar, where he replaced the recently superseded Lt. Gen. Majeed Malik.^[3] He continued to serve in Peshawar until January 1978 when he was replaced by Lt. Gen. Fazle Haq.^[4] In 1978, Lt. Gen. Sawar Khan moved to Lahore to take over IV Corps as its Corps Commander. He took over from Lt. Gen. Iqbal Khan who proceeded as the Vice Chief of the Army Staff (VOAS), a newly created post.

Martial law administrator of Punjab

When Zia imposed martial law, the then Lt. Gen. Sawar Khan was sent as the governor of Punjab province in 1978, in addition to his responsibilities as Commander IV Corps, Lahore. He was part of small coterie of generals under General Zia ul-Haq, who determined the national security policies in the martial regime. The other generals were Lt. Gen. Faiz Ali Chishti (Commander X Corps, Rawalpindi), Lt. Gen. Jehanzeb Arbab (Governor of Sindh and Commander V Corps, Karachi), Lt. Gen. Iqbal Khan (CJCSC), and the other military governors of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan Fazle Haq and Rahimuddin Khan.^[5]

After a two-year stint, he was replaced by Lt. Gen. Ghulam Jilani Khan and promoted to four-star general.

Vice Chief of Army Staff

In March 1980, when the post of the deputy chief of army staff (created by Zia-ul-Haq) was redefined and re-designated as the Vice Chief of Army Staff, General Sawar replaced Lt. Gen. Iqbal Khan. General Sawar was replaced by the Zia's deputy General Khalid Mahmud Arif in March 1984 after completing the four-year term. Sawar was a professional soldier and hailed from the Potohar plateau of north Punjab, which had been a traditional recruitment area for the British and the Pakistani armies.^[7]

Awards and decorations

Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Military) (Order of Excellence)		Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Military) (Crescent of Excellence)
Sitara-e-Basalat (Star of Good Conduct)	Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War (War Star 1971)	Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War (War Medal 1965)	Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War (War Medal 1971)
Pakistan Tamgha (Pakistan Medal) 1947	Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e- Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam (100th Birth Anniversary of Muhammad Ali Jinnah)	Tamgha-e-Jamhuria (Republic Commemoration Medal) 1956	Hijri Tamgha (Hijri Medal) 1979
Order of Military Merit Grand Cordon (Jordan)	War Medal 1939-1945	India Service Medal 1939–1945	Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal (1953)

Foreign Decorations

Foreign Awards
Jordan	The Order of Military Merit (Grand Cordon)
UK	War Medal 1939-1945
	India Service Medal 1939–1945
	Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal

References

^ ^a ^b "General Sawar Khan dies at 99". 24 Digital. 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
^ EAS Bokhari "Late Lt Gen SM Abbasi" Defence Journal, April 2002
^ A.H. Amin "Remembering Our Warriors: Maj Gen (Retd) Tajammal Hussain Malik" Defence Journal, September 2001
^ Rahimullah Yusufzai. "Change of Guard at Peshawar's 11th Corps" The News, 10 May 2001
^ Rizwan Hussain. "Pakistan and the Emergence of Islamic Militancy in Afghanistan" Ashgate Publishing, 2005, ISBN 0-7546-4434-0
^ Note: It is usually given all together. Only Military officers from Pakistan Defence Forces are awarded the ribbon which is attached to their respected uniform
^ Pakistan under Zia, 1977-1988 By Shahid Javed Burki Asian Survey, Vol. 28, No. 10 (Oct., 1988), pp. 1082–1100

Political offices
Preceded by Aslam Riaz Hussain	Governor of Punjab 1978–1980	Succeeded by Ghulam Jilani Khan
Military offices
Preceded by Iqbal Khan	Vice Chief of Army Staff 1980–1984	Succeeded by Khalid Mahmud Arif