In Hinduism, Sikhism, and Sufism a samadhi (samādhi) or samadhi mandir is a temple, shrine, or memorial commemorating the dead (similar to a tomb or mausoleum),[1][2][3] which may or may not contain the body of the deceased. Samadhi sites are often built in this way to honour people regarded as saints or gurus in Hindu religious traditions,[4] wherein such souls are said to have passed into mahāsamādhi, or were already in samadhi (a state of meditative consciousness) at the time of death.
In Sikhism, the term "samadhi" is used for the mausoleums of eminent figures, both religious and political. Examples include the Samadhi of Ranjit Singh in Lahore, and that of Maharaja Sher Singh near Lahore. Hindu equivalents are usually called chatri, although those for Maratha Empire figures also often use "samadhi". The forms of structure called "samadhi" vary greatly. The word is sometimes used for a memorial stele, also called paliya, a type of hero stone once common in parts of Gujarat and Sindh. It may be used for small memorial buildings such as open chatri, often placed around a temple.[citation needed]
The tradition of India is cremation for most Hindu people at the time of death, while samadhi is generally reserved for very advanced souls, such as yogis and saints,[4] who have already been "purified by the fire of yoga"[5] or who are believed to have been in the state of samadhi at the time of death. Samadhi usually involves inhumation rather than cremation.[4]
Examples
editOne of the popular site of pilgrimage in India is the town of Alandi in the state of Maharashtra where the 13th century Varkari saint Dnyaneshwar took Sanjivan Samadhi, or entombed himself in the state of Samadhi. His devotees believe that he is still alive.[6][7]
A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (d. 1977) the founder of ISKCON (known as the "Hare Krishna Movement"), is commemorated with a large Samadhi Mandir in Mayapur, West Bengal.
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Samadhi of Sri Adi Shankaracharya -
Samadhi of the Maratha admiral Kanhoji Angre -
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Samadhi with image, Maharashtra -
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Samadhi of Jijabai, the mother of the Maratha emperor Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, Pachad, Raigadh, Maharashtra
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Hindi dictionary (Samadhi)". Retrieved 18 September 2014.
- ^ "Oxford Dictionary – American English". Archived from the original on October 22, 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
- ^ "Oxford Dictionary – English". Archived from the original on October 22, 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
- ^ a b c McLaughlin, Mark (July 2021). Flood, Gavin; Frazier, Jessica; Lutjeharms, Rembert (eds.). "Tracing the Roots of Samādhi Burial Practice". Journal of Hindu Studies. 14 (1). Oxford: Oxford University Press on behalf of the Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies: 8–26. doi:10.1093/jhs/hiab008. eISSN 1756-4263. ISSN 1756-4255. OCLC 301680132.
- ^ Georg Feuerstein, The Encyclopedia of Yoga and Tantra (Boston: Shambhala Publications, 2011), p. 308.
- ^ Novetzke 2009, p. 218.
- ^ Glushkova 2014, p. 116.
Bibliography
edit- Glushkova, Irina (2014), Objects of Worship in South Asian Religions: Forms, Practices and Meanings, Routledge, ISBN 978-1317675952
- Dallmayr, Fred (2007), In Search of the Good Life: A Pedogogy for Troubled Times, University Press of Kentucky, ISBN 978-0813138589
- Novetzke, Christian Lee (2009), Shared Idioms, Sacred Symbols, and the Articulation of Identities in South Asia, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-135-90477-7
External links
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Media related to Samadhi (shrines) at Wikimedia Commons- Spiritual Travel – Samadhis of the Sages
